Question

Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

The ignorant man is not the unlearned, but he who does not know himself, and the learned man is stupid when he relies on books, on knowledge and on authority to give him understanding. Understanding comes only through self-knowledge, which is awareness of one's total psychological process. Thus education, in the true sense, is the understanding of oneself, for it is within each one of us that the whole of existence is gathered. What we now call education is a matter of accumulating information and knowledge from books, which anyone can do who can read. Such education offers a subtle form of escape from ourselves and, like all escapes, it inevitably creates increasing misery. Conflict and confusion result from our own wrong relationship with people, things and ideas, and until we understand that relationship and alter it, mere learning, the gathering of facts and the acquiring of various skills, can only lead us to engulfing chaos and destruction. As society is now organized, we send our children to school to learn some technique by which they can eventually earn a livelihood. We want to make the child first and foremost a specialist, hoping thus to give him a secure economic position. But does the cultivation of a technique enable us to understand ourselves? While it is obviously necessary to know how to read and write, and to learn engineering or some other profession, will technique give us the capacity to understand life? Surely, technique is secondary; and if technique is the only thing we are striving for, we are obviously denying what is by far the greater part of life. Life is pain, joy, beauty, ugliness, love, and when we understand it as a whole, at every level, that understanding creates its own technique. But the contrary is not true: technique can never bring about creative understanding. Present-day education is a complete failure because it has overemphasized technique. In overemphasizing technique we destroy man. To cultivate capacity and efficiency without understanding life, without having a comprehensive perception of the ways of thought and desire, will only make us increasingly ruthless, which is to engender wars and jeopardize our physical security. The exclusive cultivation of technique has produced scientists, mathematicians, bridge Iwiracrarspace conquerors; but do they understand the total process of life? Can any specialist experience life as a whole? Only when he ceases to be a specialist. Technological progress does solve certain kinds of problems for some people at one level, but it introduces wider and deeper issues too. To live at one level, disregarding the total process of life, is to invite misery and destruction. The greatest need and most pressing problem for even individual is to have an integrated comprehension of life, which will enable him to meet its ever-increasing complexities. Technical knowledge, however necessary, will in no way resolve our inner, psychological pressures and conflict; and it is because we have acquired technical knowledge without understanding the total process of life that technology has become a means of destroying ourselves. The man who knows how to split the atom but has no love in his heart becomes a monster. We choose a vocation according to our capacities; but will the following of a vocation lead us out of conflict and confusion? Some form of technical training seems necessary; but when we have become engineers, physicians, accountants- then what? Is the practice of a profession the fulfilment of life? Apparently with most of us it is. Our various professions may keep us busy for the greater part of our existence; but the very things that we produce and are so entranced with are causing destruction and misery. Our attitudes and values make of things and occupations the instruments of envy, bitterness and hate.



What might be the most apposite title for the passage above?

• A. Education and the significance of life
• B. Life in its wholeness
• C. The tragedy of technical education
• D. Knowledge and ignorance

Hint:

A title question needs the phrase or idea that recurs across the WHOLE passage, not just its opening or one section.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
A title has to summarise the entire passage, so the right approach is to look for a word or phrase that keeps recurring from the first paragraph to the last, not one that only matches a single section.

Step 2: Key Approach:
Scan the passage for repeated phrases and check each option against that repetition, then reject any option that only covers a partial stretch of the passage.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Option 1 fits the opening lines on self-knowledge and education, but the passage goes on to cover technique, technology, and choice of vocation, topics this title does not capture.
Option 3 assumes technical education is the passage's target of criticism, but the author calls technical training "necessary" more than once, so it is the overemphasis on technique, not technical education itself, that the passage objects to.
Option 4 matches only the first paragraph's contrast between "the ignorant man" and "the learned man," and is dropped once the passage moves to technology and vocation.
Option 2 lines up with phrases repeated across the whole piece: "understand it as a whole, at every level," "experience life as a whole," and "integrated comprehension of life," each appearing in a different section, education, technique, technology, and vocation.

Step 4: Final Answer:
Because "life as a whole" is the one idea that threads through every part of the passage, the most apposite title is option 2, Life in its wholeness.