The Gabriel synthesis is a reliable method for preparing pure primary amines from primary alkyl halides. It avoids the over-alkylation that can be a problem in the direct reaction of alkyl halides with ammonia.
To identify the compound A in the given reaction, we need to understand the mechanism step-by-step:
The reaction involves a benzyl bromide reacting with a phthalimide salt. This is a typical Gabriel synthesis used to prepare primary amines.
Gabriel Synthesis: The phthalimide ion (from potassium phthalimide) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the benzyl bromide, displacing the bromide ion. This forms an N-alkyl phthalimide intermediate.
Hydrolysis: The second step involves hydrolysis using hydroxide ions (OH−). The hydrolysis cleaves the N-alkylphthalimide to form a primary amine.
Based on the above mechanism, the major product A is the formation of a primary amine, benzylamine.
Looking at the options provided and comparing with the formed product, we identify that option (B) matches the structure of benzylamine:
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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