Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The reaction sequence involves heating a tertiary alcohol with Copper at 573K followed by reaction with a carboxylic acid under acidic conditions. Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Step (i): 2-Methylpropan-2-ol (tert-butyl alcohol) on heating with Copper at 573K undergoes dehydration (since it is a tertiary alcohol) to form 2-methylprop-1-ene (isobutylene).
\[ (CH_3)_3COH \xrightarrow{Cu, 573K} (CH_3)_2C=CH_2 + H_2O \]
- Step (ii): The resulting alkene reacts with Benzoic acid (\(PhCOOH\)) in the presence of an acid catalyst (\(H^+\)). This is an addition of the carboxylic acid to the alkene (esterification type addition) following Markovnikov's rule. The benzoate group attaches to the more substituted carbon.
\[ (CH_3)_2C=CH_2 + PhCOOH \xrightarrow{H^+} PhCOOC(CH_3)_3 \]
The product is tert-butyl benzoate. This corresponds to the structure in option (3). Step 3: Final Answer:
The final product 'X' is tert-butyl benzoate.
