Step 1: Recall the history
The word documentary was first used in print in 1926, when a Scottish film maker wrote about a film on Pacific island life. That writer later built a whole movement of non-fiction film in Britain.
Step 2: Name the person
That writer and organiser was John Grierson. He treated the documentary as a tool to teach and inform citizens, and he is honoured with the title father of the documentary. So option 3 is correct.
Step 3: Why the Lumiere Brothers are not the answer
They showed the first films to a paying audience in 1895. Their reels showed daily life, but the title they carry is inventors of the cinema show, not father of the documentary.
Step 4: Why Phalke is not the answer
Phalke made the first Indian feature film in 1913. He is the father of Indian feature cinema, which is a different claim.
Step 5: Why Lippmann is not the answer
Walter Lippmann was a thinker on public opinion and the press. He did not found a film tradition.
Final Answer:
The title belongs to John Grierson.
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