Question:medium

Which one of the following is not correct?

Show Hint

Tag each statement with its Article. One of them files the freedom of trade and profession under Article 21 instead of where it actually belongs.
Updated On: Jul 17, 2026
  • Freedom of speech and expression includes freedom of press.
  • Right to life and personal liberty includes right to carry on any trade and profession
  • Right to equality includes the principles of natural justice
  • Freedom of conscience includes the wearing and carrying of kirpans by the Sikhs
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

With a "which is not correct" question, resist the urge to hunt for the wrong one straight away. Instead, tag each statement with the Article it claims to come from and ask whether the right really lives at that address. Three of these will check out and the fourth will be filed under the wrong Article.

  1. Freedom of speech and expression includes freedom of press: Checks out. Article 19(1)(a) never uses the word press, but the courts have held from Romesh Thappar onwards that the press is only the citizen's speech in printed form, so its freedom sits inside 19(1)(a). Sakal Papers struck down a law limiting page size and advertising on this very basis.
  2. Right to life and personal liberty includes right to carry on any trade and profession: This one is at the wrong address. The right to practise any profession or carry on any occupation, trade or business is Article 19(1)(g), a freedom of its own with its own limits, restrictions in the interest of the general public. Article 21 covers life and personal liberty. Article 21 has grown to include the right to livelihood after Olga Tellis, but livelihood and the freedom to carry on any trade or profession are not the same thing, and squeezing 19(1)(g) into 21 misdescribes Part III.
  3. Right to equality includes the principles of natural justice: Checks out. Maneka Gandhi read Article 14 as a bar on arbitrariness, and natural justice, meaning a fair hearing and a decision free of bias, is the practical shape that bar takes. Arbitrary action is unequal action.
  4. Freedom of conscience includes the wearing and carrying of kirpans by the Sikhs: Checks out, and this one is easiest of all, because it is not judge-made. Explanation I to Article 25 states in the text of the Constitution that wearing and carrying kirpans is deemed included in the profession of the Sikh religion.

So the statement that is not correct is option (B), and that is the answer.

Let's summarize:

  • Freedom of the press is read into Article 19(1)(a) even though the word press does not appear there.
  • Trade, occupation and profession belong to Article 19(1)(g), not to Article 21.
  • Natural justice flows from Article 14 because arbitrariness is the enemy of equality.
  • The kirpan Explanation is written directly into Article 25.

Since only option (B) places a right under the wrong Article, option (B) is the statement that is not correct.

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