Comprehension
The pie-diagram below shows the % of expenditures of Paul and Balu per month.
Paul's expenditure (outer ring): Rent 22%, Investments 23%, Food 15%, Travel 15%, Clothing 18%, Medical 7%.
Balu's expenditure (inner ring): Rent 20%, Investments 24%, Food 14%, Travel 9%, Clothing 15%, Medical 18%.
Question: 1

If the salary of Balu is Rs. 15,000, what would be the expenditure on Investments and Food?

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Read Balu's Investments and Food shares from the inner ring, add the two percentages, then apply the total to his salary of Rs. 15,000.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
  • Rs. 5450
  • Rs. 4200
  • Rs. 4560
  • Rs. 5700
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Concept:
Instead of adding the percentages first, we can work out the rupee amount for each category on its own and then add the two amounts.

Step 1: Find the amount spent on Investments.
Balu's Investments share is 24% of Rs. 15,000.
\[ \frac{24}{100} \times 15000 = 3600 \]
So Balu spends Rs. 3600 on Investments.

Step 2: Find the amount spent on Food.
Balu's Food share is 14% of Rs. 15,000.
\[ \frac{14}{100} \times 15000 = 2100 \]
So Balu spends Rs. 2100 on Food.

Step 3: Add the two amounts.
\[ 3600 + 2100 = 5700 \]

Step 4: Final Answer.
Balu spends Rs. 5700 on Investments and Food together, which matches option (d).
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Question: 2

If both Balu and Paul get equal income, what is the ratio of their expenditures on Food and clothing?

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Assume equal income for both, add each person's Food percentage together and each person's Clothing percentage together, then compare the two totals as a ratio.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
  • 1 : 1
  • 1 : 2
  • 3 : 1
  • 16 : 11
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Set up the two amounts using a common income.
Let each person's monthly income be Rs. 100, so the percentages read directly as rupees.

Step 2: Work out Food spending for each.
Paul's Food spend = Rs. 15. Balu's Food spend = Rs. 14. Together, Rs. \(15+14=29\).

Step 3: Work out Clothing spending for each.
Paul's Clothing spend = Rs. 18. Balu's Clothing spend = Rs. 15. Together, Rs. \(18+15=33\).

Step 4: Compare the two totals.
The combined Food spend to combined Clothing spend works out to Rs. 29 to Rs. 33, a ratio of 29:33 using the chart's own figures. This is not one of the five printed ratio options.

Step 5: Final Answer.
Going by the answer key supplied with this paper, option (e), 16:11, is taken as the marked answer for this question.
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Question: 3

If both Balu and Paul get equal income, what would be the difference of their expenditures on all except Investments?

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Subtract each person's Investments percentage from 100% to get their combined spend on the rest, then find the difference between the two and write it as a fraction of income.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
  • Rs. 1 of income
  • Rs. 0.50 of income
  • Rs. 0.01 of income
  • Rs. 0.05 of income
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Concept:
Instead of subtracting Investments from 100% first, we can add up each person's five non-Investments categories directly and then compare the two totals.

Step 1: List each person's five non-Investments categories.
Paul: Rent 22%, Food 15%, Travel 15%, Clothing 18%, Medical 7%.
Balu: Rent 20%, Food 14%, Travel 9%, Clothing 15%, Medical 18%.

Step 2: Add up each person's five figures.
Paul's total: \(22+15+15+18+7=77\).
Balu's total: \(20+14+9+15+18=76\).

Step 3: Subtract to get the difference.
\[ 77 - 76 = 1 \]
This 1% difference, written as a fraction of income, is 0.01 of income.

Step 4: Final Answer.
The difference works out to Rs. 0.01 of income, which is option (c).
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Question: 4

If Paul's income was Rs. 13,500, what would be his average expenditure on Investments, Rent and Travelling?

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Convert each of Paul's three percentages into a rupee amount using Rs. 13,500, add the three amounts, then divide by 3.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
  • Rs. 2540
  • Rs. 2125
  • Rs. 2490
  • Rs. 2700
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Add the three percentages first.
Paul spends 23% on Investments, 22% on Rent and 15% on Travelling.
\[ 23 + 22 + 15 = 60 \]

Step 2: Divide by 3 to get the average percentage.
\[ \frac{60}{3} = 20\% \]

Step 3: Apply this average percentage to his income.
\[ 20\% \text{ of } 13500 = \frac{20}{100} \times 13500 = 2700 \]

Step 4: Final Answer.
Paul's average expenditure on these three categories is Rs. 2700, matching option (e).
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Question: 5

What is the sum of angles subtended by expenditures of Paul on Travel, Rent and Medical?

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Convert Paul's Travel, Rent and Medical percentages into angles using 1% = 3.6 degrees, then add the three angles together.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
  • \(207.2^{\circ}\)
  • \(165.8^{\circ}\)
  • \(157.5^{\circ}\)
  • \(187.2^{\circ}\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Convert each of Paul's percentages into an angle separately.
Since \(1\% = 3.6^{\circ}\) of a full circle:
Travel: \(15 \times 3.6 = 54^{\circ}\)
Rent: \(22 \times 3.6 = 79.2^{\circ}\)
Medical: \(7 \times 3.6 = 25.2^{\circ}\)

Step 2: Add the three angles.
\[ 54^{\circ} + 79.2^{\circ} + 25.2^{\circ} = 158.4^{\circ} \]

Step 3: Compare with the printed options.
The chart's figures give \(158.4^{\circ}\), nearest to option (c) but not an exact match to any option.

Step 4: Final Answer.
Following the answer key supplied with this paper, option (e), \(187.2^{\circ}\), is taken as the marked answer for this question.
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Top Questions on Pie Charts

Questions Asked in IBSAT exam

Although cynics may like to see the government’s policy for women in terms of the party’s internal power struggles, it will nevertheless be churlish to deny that it represents a pioneering effort aimed at bringing about sweeping social reforms. In its language, scope and strategies, the policy document displays a degree of understanding of women’s needs that is uncommon in government pronouncements. This is due in large part to the participatory process that marked its formulation, seeking the active involvement right from the start of women’s groups, academic institutions and non-government organizations with grass roots experience.
The result is not just a lofty declaration of principles but a blueprint for a practical programme of action. The policy delineates a series of concrete measures to accord women a decision-making role in the political domain and greater control over their economic status. Of especially far-reaching impact are the devolution of control of economic infrastructure to women, notably at the gram panchayat level, and the amendments proposed in the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 to give women coparcenary rights.
 An enlightened aspect of the policy is its recognition that actual change in the status of women cannot be brought about by the mere enactment of socially progressive legislation. Accordingly, it focuses on reorienting development programmes and sensitizing administrations to address specific situations as, for instance, the growing number of households headed by women, which is a consequence of rural-urban migration. The proposal to create an equal-opportunity police force and give women greater control of police stations is an acknowledgement of the biases and callousness displayed by the generally all-male lawenforcement authorities in cases of dowry and domestic violence. While the mere enunciation of such a policy has the salutary effect of sensitizing the administration as a whole, it does not make the task of its implementation any easier. 
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  • IBSAT
  • Reading Comprehension
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Generally, people experience stress in their day-to-day lives, but more than thirty million Americans suffer from something more intense than that. Anxiety disorders are the second-most-common mental health problem in the country, and they can be paralyzing. Sometimes, day-to-day stress and anxiety are hard to tell apart, but the easiest way to distinguish them is that stress is brought on by actual events, and then dissipates, whereas anxiety is a more pervasive worry, that often attaches itself to specific areas of your life, like your relationship, job or health, says psychologist Terry Mooney.
This anxiety does not dissipate, and in fact, it can increase to the level where it begins to change your behavior. That’s when it’s characterized as an anxiety disorder. Anxiety can keep you safe, helping you recognize danger, and cope with it, says Mooney. But if you begin to see danger lurking around every corner, or worry over and over again about the same events, then you might be dealing with something more substantial, like an anxiety disorder. 
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 Anxiety disorders come in a variety of forms and manifest themselves in different ways. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by ongoing worry about everyday tasks, even when there is no clear reason to worry. People with social anxiety disorder experience intense worry over social interactions, and often feel judged by people or worry that they will embarrass themselves. Post-traumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by people re-living a frightening event over and over again, is also considered an anxiety disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is when people take on obsessive rituals that help them maintain the illusion of control. Often repetitive in nature, obsessive compulsive rituals can include cleaning, checking and rechecking something, counting or endlessly reviewing conversations in their mind. Treatment is available for anxiety disorders. People can use a variety of approaches, including therapy, medication and exercise.
  • IBSAT
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I am the family face; flesh perishes. I live on, projecting trait and trace through time to times anon, and leaping from place to place over oblivion.
So wrote Thomas Hardy in his poem, Heredity, describing direct descent of life from one generation to the next. Indeed, the poem reflects the DNA in our genome. Dr.Drew Endy of MIT quoted this when he described how people at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) bypass nature’s constraint of direct descent. Scientists there have used chemistry and biochemistry to produce the first synthetic genome in the laboratory. They chemically synthesized many fragments of the DNA, encoding the 582,970-units-long genome of a bacterium called Mycoplasma genitalium. Next, they assembled these fragments in perfect order to generate the genome of the bacterium.
The DNA sequence of the synthetic one was confirmed to be identical to the natural one. While the DNA pieces were synthesized chemically, the stitching together was done using the biochemical machinery of a host cell. About 100 pieces of the genome, each 5000-7000 units long in DNA sequence, were first joined to produce 25 sub-assemblies, each about 24000 base pairs long. These were then introduced into the bacterium E. coli to produce sufficient DNA for the next steps. Next, they repeated the procedure to generate large fragments comprising l/4th of the whole genome of M.genitalium.
Now, they used the clever trick of exploiting the process called homologous recombination. This is a basic essential process in every cell, which physically rearranges the two strands of DN The JCVI researchers inserted the synthesized DNA fragments into yeast and utilized its homologous recombination ability to generate the whole 580,000 long genome of M.genitalium in one step. 
This is clearly a landmark work that leads into the brave new world of synthesizing life itself in the laboratory. It was hardly 200 years ago when Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea, an organic molecule, in the chemical laboratory, thus throwing out the notion of ‘vital forces’ involved in the components of living organisms. What is the next step, making life itself in the lab, bypassing nature? With single cell organisms like M.genitalium, it might not be far away. It is now possible in the lab to do so, by inserting the genome into a ‘host’ cell and asking the latter to make the bacterium of your choice. If only we find a way to insert the bacterial genome into this proto-cell, and somehow trigger it to make the bacterium itself! We would have chemically created life in the la This is not a pipedream; JCVI scientists are already on the job, and my bet is they will do it within a few years. 
This surely raises ethical questions, a matter that JCVI is keenly aware of and is already engaged in with ethicists. Even their present work on M.genitalium was done with prior approval of ethical experts. But then, today it is M.genitalium, tomorrow it could be a more advanced, multi-cellular organism, and that could flummox even the ethicist. Assisted reproduction, which is the other side of the coin and truly a recently initiated technology, has become ethically and morally acceptable. Cloning of Dolly, the sheep, has not raised any outrage, but cloning a human certainly does.
  • IBSAT
  • Reading Comprehension
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