The interaction energy of London forces between two particles is proportional to r\(^x\), where r is the distance between the particles. The value of x is :
Show Hint
Memorize the distance dependence of potential energy for the main types of intermolecular interactions. London dispersion forces, being the weakest and arising from fluctuating dipoles, have a strong distance dependence of 1/r\(^6\), meaning they are very short-range forces.
The question relates to the interaction energy associated with London dispersion forces, a type of van der Waals force. These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution that induce dipoles in atoms or molecules.
To solve the question, we need to understand how London forces, which are a subset of van der Waals forces, depend on the distance between particles.
Step 1: Understand the Nature of London Forces
London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that result from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within atoms or molecules.
The forces are ubiquitous as they occur between all atoms and molecules due to temporary dipoles.
Step 2: Mathematical Representation of London Forces
The interaction energy \( V \) due to London dispersion forces is inversely proportional to the sixth power of the distance \( r \) between two particles: V \propto \frac{1}{r^6}.
In terms of powers of \( r \), the interaction energy is proportional to \( r^{-6} \).
Given this relationship, the exponent \( x \) for the interaction energy of London forces is -6.
Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is option -6, as the value of \( x \) in the proportionality \( r^x \) is -6 for London dispersion forces.
