Statement-I : Stability of +1 oxidation state increases as Ga< In < Tl Statement-II : Stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group due to inert pair effect.
To solve this question, we need to analyze both the given statements about the stability of the +1 oxidation state in Group 13 elements and the concept of the inert pair effect.
Understanding Statement-I:
The elements mentioned—Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), and Thallium (Tl)—belong to Group 13 of the periodic table. As we move down the group, the stability of the +1 oxidation state increases. This is because the higher oxidation state (+3) becomes less stable than the lower oxidation state (+1). Hence, in the series Ga < In < Tl,+1 oxidation state stability increases down the group.
Therefore, Statement-I is correct.
Understanding Statement-II:
The inert pair effect refers to the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost s-orbital to remain non-ionized or unavailable for bonding as we move down a group. In Group 13, this effect contributes to the increasing stability of the +1 oxidation state relative to the +3 oxidation state as atomic size increases and the elements become heavier.
Hence, Statement-II is also correct as it accurately describes why the +1 oxidation state stability increases down the group.
Given that both statements logically complement each other and are consistent with the known chemistry of Group 13 elements, we conclude:
The correct answer is: Both S-1 and S-2 are correct.
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