Question

Identify the Nayikas considered according to the physiognomic traits of appearance.
(A) Padmini
(B) Vasakasajja
(C) Chitrini
(D) Shankhini
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B) and (D) only
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only
• C. (B), (C) and (D) Only
• D. (A), (C) and (D) only

Hint:

Distinguish between the two main types of Nayika classification: by situation (Avastha Nayikas, like Vasakasajja, Virahotkanthita, etc.) and by inherent type/physiognomy (Padmini, Chitrini, Shankhini, Hastini). This distinction is key to answering such questions correctly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Concept Overview:
The query concerns the categorization of Nayikas (heroines) in classical Indian aesthetic and erotic literature, such as the Kama Sutra and works on rhetoric ('Rasa Shastra'). Classifications exist based on the Nayika's circumstances ('Avastha') and her physical/psychological attributes (e.g., 'Svakiya' types or physiognomic traits).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
(B) Vasakasajja: This category represents an 'Avastha Nayika', one of eight situational classifications. A Vasakasajja is a heroine who prepares herself for her lover's arrival. This is a situational characteristic, not physiognomic.
The remaining options belong to the physiognomic classification, which categorizes women into four types:
(A) Padmini: The "lotus-woman," considered the superior type.
(C) Chitrini: The "art-woman," distinguished by talent and beauty.
(D) Shankhini: The "conch-woman," defined by specific temperament and physique.
The fourth type, Hastini (elephant-woman), is not listed.
Therefore, Padmini, Chitrini, and Shankhini are classifications based on physiognomic traits.

Step 4: Final Determination:
The Nayikas categorized by physiognomic traits are (A) Padmini, (C) Chitrini, and (D) Shankhini.