Comprehension

I may here trace the history of the shaping of the Preamble because this would show that the Preamble was in conformity with the Constitution as it was finally accepted. Not only was the Constitution framed in the light of the Preamble but the Preamble was ultimately settled in the light of the Constitution. In the earliest draft the Preamble was something formal and read: "We, the people of India, seeking to promote the common good, do hereby, through our chosen representatives, enact, adopt and give to ourselves this Constitution." After the plan of June 3, 1947, which led to the decision to partition the country and to set up two independent Dominions of India and Pakistan, on June 8, 1947, a joint sub-committee of the Union Constitution and Provincial Constitution Committees, took note that the objective resolution would require amendment in view of the latest announcement of the British Government. The announcement of June 3 had made it clear that full independence, in the form of Dominion Status, would be conferred on India as from August 15, 1947. After examining the implications of partition the sub-committee thought that the question of making changes in the Objectives Resolution could appropriately be considered only when effect had actually been given to the June 3 Plan. Later on July 12, 1947, the special sub-committee again postponed consideration of the matter. The Union Constitution Committee provisionally accepted the Preamble as drafted by B.N. Rao and reproduced it in its report of July 4, 1947 without any change, with the tacit recognition at that stage that the Preamble would be finally based on the Objectives Resolution. In a statement circulated to members of the Assembly on July 18, 1947 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru inter alia, observed that the Preamble was covered more or less by the Objectives Resolution which it was intended to incorporate in the final Constitution, subject to some modification on account of the political changes resulting from partition. (327 words) [Extracted with edits and revision from B Shiva Rao's - Framing of India's Constitution]

Question: 1

According to the passage, the relationship between the Constitution and the Preamble can best be described as:

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Look for reciprocal language in the passage (“in the light of each other”) to identify two-way influence.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • The Preamble was drafted in isolation
  • The Constitution and the Preamble were framed independent of each other
  • Both the Constitution and the Preamble were shaped in light of each other
  • The Preamble had no relevance to the Constitution
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

The passage opens with its own thesis about this exact relationship, so the fastest way to answer is to check which option restates that thesis correctly.

  1. Drafted in isolation: Wrong, since the draft went through the joint sub-committee, the Union Constitution Committee, and Nehru's own statement before settling.
  2. Framed independent of each other: Wrong, because the passage's first two sentences say the opposite in plain words, that each was shaped with the other in mind.
  3. Shaped in light of each other: This is close to a direct lift from the passage's opening claim, and the rest of the extract, the back and forth over the Objectives Resolution, backs it up.
  4. No relevance to the Constitution: Wrong, since the author spends the whole passage explaining how closely tied the two documents were.

The passage's own framing sentence decides this one directly, and only option (C) matches it.

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Approach Solution -2

Instead of checking each option's wording against the passage, it helps to trace the timeline itself and see which description of the relationship it produces.

  1. The Preamble was drafted in isolation: The timeline runs from Rau's original draft, through committee review, through Partition related delay, to Nehru's clarifying statement. Four separate points of contact rule out isolation.
  2. The Constitution and the Preamble were framed independent of each other: The timeline shows the Preamble's fate hanging on the Constitution's own political circumstances, Partition and Dominion Status, so the two were never on separate tracks.
  3. Both were shaped in light of each other: The timeline is exactly this, back and forth adjustment, with the Preamble waiting on the Constitution's post Partition shape and the Constitution being read through the Preamble's aims.
  4. The Preamble had no relevance to the Constitution: The timeline gives the Preamble a central place at every stage, from the earliest draft to the final version, so relevance is never in doubt.

Tracing events this way lands on the same relationship as reading the passage's opening line directly.

So the correct answer is (C) Both the Constitution and the Preamble were shaped in light of each other.

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Question: 2

What did the earliest draft of the Preamble emphasize?

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Whenever the passage quotes verbatim text, treat it as the definitive evidence for the answer.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Liberty, equality, and fraternity
  • Sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic
  • Formal enactment by the people through representatives
  • Unity and integrity of the nation
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The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

The passage gives the exact wording of the earliest draft, so this becomes a matching exercise between that quote and the four options.

  1. Liberty, equality, and fraternity: Not present in the quoted draft, these terms belong to the fuller, later Preamble.
  2. Sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic: Also absent from the quote, this describes the modern Preamble after amendment.
  3. Formal enactment by the people through representatives: The quote itself says the people, through their chosen representatives, enact, adopt and give to ourselves this Constitution. That is formal enactment, stated plainly.
  4. Unity and integrity of the nation: This phrase entered the Preamble decades later through amendment, so it cannot describe an earliest draft.

Matching the quote to the options leaves only the enactment description standing, so option (C) is correct.

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Approach Solution -2

Another way into this question is to sort the four options by when each phrase actually entered the Preamble's history, then check which one belongs to the earliest stage described in the passage.

  1. Liberty, equality, and fraternity: Part of the Preamble's settled, later text, not something the passage links to the earliest draft.
  2. Sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic: The socialist and secular additions in particular came later still, well after the stage the passage is describing.
  3. Formal enactment by the people through representatives: This is the one idea the passage explicitly places at the earliest stage, quoting it directly from Rau's original draft before any of the later language was added.
  4. Unity and integrity of the nation: The latest addition of the four, added through amendment long after the Constitution came into force, so it cannot be earliest.

Sorting by chronology rather than by content still points to the same one option, since it is the only phrase the passage actually attaches to the earliest draft.

So the correct answer is (C) Formal enactment by the people through representatives.

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Question: 3

Which of the following is not enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution of India?

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Check exact wording of the Preamble—many distractors modify well-known phrases slightly.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Equality of status and of opportunity
  • Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
  • Justice – moral, ethical and legal
  • Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

Here the fastest check is to recall the Preamble's four promises, justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, along with the qualifying words attached to each one.

  1. Equality of status and of opportunity: Matches the Preamble's actual wording for equality.
  2. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship: Matches the Preamble's actual wording for liberty.
  3. Justice, moral, ethical and legal: Does not match. The Preamble qualifies justice as social, economic and political, a completely different set of words.
  4. Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual: Matches the Preamble's actual wording for fraternity.

Since three qualifiers check out exactly and one does not, the one that fails the check is the answer, option (C).

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Approach Solution -2

A reliable way to answer this kind of question is to recite the Preamble's justice, liberty, equality, fraternity line as one continuous sentence in your head, then see where each option breaks from it.

  1. Equality of status and of opportunity: This sits exactly where it should in the remembered sentence, so it stays.
  2. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship: This also sits exactly where it should, unchanged from the actual text.
  3. Justice, moral, ethical and legal: The remembered sentence has justice, social, economic and political in this spot. Moral, ethical and legal simply is not part of the Preamble at all, so this is where the break happens.
  4. Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual: This too matches the remembered sentence without change.

Reciting the full sentence and comparing option by option isolates the exact same mismatch as any other method.

So the correct answer is (C) Justice, moral, ethical and legal.

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Question: 4

Which has been rightly arranged according to the Preamble of the Constitution of India?

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Memorize the exact constitutional order: Sovereign → Socialist → Secular → Democratic → Republic.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
  • Sovereign Secular Socialist Democratic Republic
  • Sovereign Socialist Democratic Secular Republic
  • Secular, Socialist, Sovereign and Democratic Republic
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The Correct Option is A

Approach Solution - 1

The four descriptive words in the Preamble follow one memorised order, sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and this question is really just testing that order.

  1. Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic: Correct order, nothing moved.
  2. Sovereign Secular Socialist Democratic Republic: Socialist and secular have traded places, so the second and third words are wrong.
  3. Sovereign Socialist Democratic Secular Republic: Secular and democratic have traded places, so the third and fourth words are wrong.
  4. Secular, Socialist, Sovereign and Democratic Republic: Sovereign has been pushed to third place instead of first, disrupting the whole sequence.

Checking word position by word position, only the first option lines up completely, making option (A) correct.

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Approach Solution -2

Rather than compare the four options to each other, it helps to rebuild the phrase from what each word actually means and see which arrangement follows naturally.

  1. Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic: Sovereignty, freedom from outside control, logically comes first as the base condition, socialist and secular describe the state's economic and religious character next, and democratic republic describes its form of government last. Building the phrase this way lands exactly on this option.
  2. Sovereign Secular Socialist Democratic Republic: Placing secular before socialist reverses the standard order in which these two character describing words are recited, so this arrangement does not match the built up phrase.
  3. Sovereign Socialist Democratic Secular Republic: Placing democratic before secular separates the two character words with a government form word in between, which is not how the phrase is constructed.
  4. Secular, Socialist, Sovereign and Democratic Republic: Starting with secular instead of sovereign puts the state's religious character ahead of its basic independence, which reverses the logical build order entirely.

Reconstructing the phrase from its meaning rather than memory still produces the same one correct sequence.

So the correct answer is (A) Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.

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Question: 5

The Preamble of the Constitution of India is finally based on:

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Whenever a question asks “finally based on,” look for the concluding decision in the passage.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • The Objectives Resolution
  • The Report of the Union Constitution Committee
  • The June 3 plan of the British Government
  • The Report of the special Sub-committee of the Constituent Assembly
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The Correct Option is A

Approach Solution - 1

The word finally in the question matters here, since several documents appear in the passage but only one is described as the end point.

  1. The Objectives Resolution: Named explicitly in the passage as the document the Preamble was finally based on.
  2. The Report of the Union Constitution Committee: An intermediate report that kept the draft unchanged, not the final basis.
  3. The June 3 plan: Prompted a review but only addressed Partition, not Preamble content.
  4. The Report of the special Sub-committee: Only recorded a decision to delay, not a source document for the Preamble.

Filtering for the option the passage calls the final basis leaves just one, option (A).

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Approach Solution -2

A different way to settle this is to ask which document kept coming back unchanged through every committee discussion the passage describes, since that is the one that ended up as the real foundation.

  1. The Objectives Resolution: It is mentioned at the start, as needing possible amendment after June 3, postponed twice by different sub-committees, and finally confirmed by Nehru as the basis for the Preamble. It survives the whole process as the constant reference point.
  2. The Report of the Union Constitution Committee: This report appears once, on July 4, 1947, and simply carries Rau's draft forward without adding new substance, so it does not persist as a foundation.
  3. The June 3 plan: This appears once as a trigger for review, not as something the Preamble was later built on.
  4. The Report of the special Sub-committee: This appears only as a record of delay on July 12, 1947, with no content of its own carried into the Preamble.

Tracking persistence through the whole timeline points to the same single document as the passage's own explicit statement.

So the correct answer is (A) The Objectives Resolution.

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Question: 6

What was the role of Sir B. N. Rau in the making of the Indian Constitution?

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Remember: • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar → Chairman, Drafting Committee • B. N. Rau → Constitutional Advisor • Dr. Rajendra Prasad → President, Constituent Assembly
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Chairman of the Drafting Committee
  • Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly
  • President of the Constituent Assembly
  • Member of the Union Powers Committee
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The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

This is a factual identification question, so it helps to separate the four named or implied roles and assign each to the right person.

  1. Chairman of the Drafting Committee: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar held this post, not Rau.
  2. Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly: This was Rau's actual post, and it matches the passage's description of him preparing the earliest Preamble draft.
  3. President of the Constituent Assembly: Dr. Rajendra Prasad held this post, not Rau.
  4. Member of the Union Powers Committee: Nothing in the passage ties Rau to this specific committee membership.

Assigning each title to its correct holder leaves Constitutional Advisor as Rau's role, so option (B) is correct.

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Approach Solution -2

Instead of starting from the four titles, start from the one concrete fact the passage gives about Rau, that he drafted the earliest version of the Preamble, and ask which title that task belongs to.

  1. Chairman of the Drafting Committee: This committee refined and finalised the Constitution's text after the broad structure was already set, a later stage job. It is not the role that produces an earliest draft.
  2. Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly: This was precisely the job of preparing the first working drafts of constitutional text for the Assembly to debate, which is the task the passage attributes to Rau.
  3. President of the Constituent Assembly: This role chaired Assembly sessions and had no drafting function of its own.
  4. Member of the Union Powers Committee: This committee dealt with dividing powers between the Union and the states, a subject matter question, not the task of writing the Preamble's earliest wording.

Working backward from the one task the passage actually assigns to Rau points to the same conclusion as matching titles to known historical figures.

So the correct answer is (B) Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly.

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