Comprehension

Health insurance plays a vital role in ensuring financial protection and access to quality healthcare. In India, however, the extent and nature of health insurance coverage vary significantly between urban and rural areas. While urban populations often have better access to organized insurance schemes, employer-provided coverage, and awareness about health policies, rural populations face challenges such as limited outreach of insurance schemes, inadequate infrastructure, and lower awareness levels. This urban-rural divide in health insurance coverage highlights the broader issue of healthcare inequality, making it essential to analyze the factors contributing to this gap and explore strategies for more inclusive health protection. A state-level health survey was conducted.

The survey covered 1,80,000 adults across urban and rural areas. Urban residents formed 55% of the sample (that is, 99,000 people) while rural residents made up 45% (that is, 81,000 people). In each area, coverage was classified under four heads – Public schemes, Private insurance, Employer-provided coverage, and Uninsured. In urban areas, Public coverage accounted for 28% of the urban population, Private for 22%, Employer for 18%, and the remaining 32% were Uninsured. In rural areas, where formal coverage is generally lower, Public coverage stood at 35%, Private at 10%, Employer at 8%, while 47% were Uninsured.

For this survey, “Insured” includes everyone covered by Public + Private + Employer schemes, and “Uninsured” indicates those with no coverage at all. Officials noted that public schemes remain the backbone of rural coverage, while employer and private plans are relatively more prevalent in urban centres. (250 words)

Question: 1

What is the ratio of insured adults in Urban : Rural areas?

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First find actual numbers in each group, then simplify the ratio by dividing both terms by their greatest common divisor.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(82:65\)
  • \(748:477\)
  • \(65:82\)
  • \(477:748\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Population ratio Urban : Rural = \(55:45 = 11:9\).
Step 2: Insured share Urban : Rural = \(68\% : 53\%\).
Step 3: Multiply matching terms: Urban insured is proportional to \(68 \times 11 = 748\), Rural insured to \(53 \times 9 = 477\).
\[ \boxed{748:477} \]
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Question: 2

By what percentage is the number of Uninsured in Rural higher than Uninsured in Urban?

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When asked “how much higher,” subtract first, then divide the difference by the original (comparison) quantity and convert to a percentage.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(18.75%\)
  • \(20.17%\)
  • \(22.50%\)
  • \(25.00%\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Urban uninsured = \(31,680\); Rural uninsured = \(38,070\).
Step 2: Take the ratio of Rural to Urban uninsured directly: \(38,070 / 31,680 \approx 1.2017\).
Step 3: A ratio of \(1.2017\) means Rural uninsured is about \(20.17\%\) more than Urban.
\[ \boxed{20.17\%} \]
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Question: 3

If the total population grows by 5% next year and all percentage shares remain the same (including the Urban-Rural split), how many additional privately insured people will there be (vs. this year)?

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When all percentages stay the same, you can compute new numbers simply by applying those percentages to the new totals and then comparing with the old numbers.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(1,494\)
  • \(1,560\)
  • \(1,620\)
  • \(1,650\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Private coverage as a share of the whole population: Urban contributes \(22\% \times 55\% = 12.1\%\), Rural contributes \(10\% \times 45\% = 4.5\%\), so private coverage is \(16.6\%\) of everyone surveyed.
Step 2: The population grows by \(5\%\) of \(1,80,000 = 9,000\) people, and since every share stays fixed, this extra population carries the same \(16.6\%\) private coverage.
Step 3: Additional privately insured = \(16.6\%\) of \(9,000\).
\[ \boxed{1{,}494} \]
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Question: 4

The total number of Employer-covered adults is:

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Compute category-wise totals separately for Urban and Rural, then add them to get the overall figure.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(22,800\)
  • \(23,100\)
  • \(24,300\)
  • \(25,200\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Combine the two rates into one population-weighted percentage: \((18\% \times 55\%) + (8\% \times 45\%) = 9.9\% + 3.6\% = 13.5\%\).
Step 2: Apply this to the full surveyed population of \(1,80,000\).
\[ \boxed{24{,}300} \]
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Question: 5

What percentage of all insured adults are Publicly insured?

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Always be clear about the “base” for percentage questions: here it is {all insured adults}, not the total population.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(48.50%\)
  • \(49.75%\)
  • \(50.86%\)
  • \(52.00%\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Total insured = \(68\%\) of \(99,000\) + \(53\%\) of \(81,000\) = \(1,10,250\).
Step 2: Rather than computing Public coverage directly, subtract the already-known Private (\(29,880\)) and Employer (\(24,300\)) totals from total insured: \(1,10,250 - 29,880 - 24,300 = 56,070\).
Step 3: Public share of insured = \(56,070 / 1,10,250 \times 100\).
\[ \boxed{50.86\%} \]
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Question: 6

What percentage of the total surveyed population was insured?

Show Hint

Simplify ratios before converting to percentages; dividing numerator and denominator by common factors can make mental calculations easier.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • \(52.15%\)
  • \(56.25%\)
  • \(61.25%\)
  • \(64%\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Uninsured percentage overall = \(32\% \times 55\% + 47\% \times 45\% = 17.6\% + 21.15\% = 38.75\%\).
Step 2: Insured percentage = \(100\% - 38.75\%\).
\[ \boxed{61.25\%} \]
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