Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks us to identify the final product (X) of a three-step reaction sequence starting from glucose and then determine the total number of electrons present in its \(\pi\) bonds and lone pairs. Step 2: Detailed Explanation: 1. Step (i):
Glucose (\(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\)) reacts with \(HI\) and heat (\(\Delta\)). This is a standard reaction used to prove that the six carbon atoms in glucose are linked in a straight chain.
Product (A) = \(n\text{-hexane}\) (\(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{3}\)).
2. Step (ii):
\(n\text{-hexane}\) is treated with \(V_{2}O_{5}\) at \(773 \text{ K}\) and \(10\text{-}20 \text{ atm}\). This is the aromatization or catalytic reforming process, which converts straight-chain alkanes into aromatic rings.
Major Product = Benzene (\(C_{6}H_{6}\)).
3. Step (iii):
Benzene reacts with Benzoyl chloride (\(C_{6}H_{5}COCl\)) in the presence of anhydrous \(AlCl_{3}\). This is a Friedel-Crafts Acylation reaction.
Product (X) = Benzophenone (\(C_{6}H_{5}-CO-C_{6}H_{5}\)).
4. Counting electrons in Benzophenone:
Structure of Benzophenone: Two phenyl rings connected by a carbonyl (\(C=O\)) group.
- \(\pi\) electrons: Each phenyl ring has \(3\) \(\pi\) bonds (total \(6\) \(\pi\) electrons). Since there are two rings, that is \(12\) \(\pi\) electrons. The carbonyl group (\(C=O\)) has one \(\pi\) bond, which adds \(2\) \(\pi\) electrons.
Total \(\pi\) electrons \(= 12 + 2 = 14\).
- Lone pair electrons: The oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has \(2\) lone pairs.
Total lone pair electrons \(= 2 \text{ pairs} \times 2 = 4\) electrons.
- Total sum \(= 14 (\pi \text{ electrons}) + 4 (\text{lone pair electrons}) = 18\). Step 3: Final Answer:
The total number of such electrons in product (X) is 18.
