Question

Assertion (A): An electrical dipole is enclosed in a closed gaussian surface. The total flux through the enclosed surface is zero. 
Reason (R): Net charge inside the enclosed surface is zero.

• A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
• B. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
• C. (A) is true, but (R) is false
• D. (A) and (R) both are false

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To solve this question, we need to understand the concepts of electric flux and Gauss's law. The question gives us an assertion and a reason concerning an electrical dipole and a Gaussian surface.

Assertion (A): An electrical dipole is enclosed in a closed Gaussian surface. The total flux through the enclosed surface is zero.

Reason (R): Net charge inside the enclosed surface is zero.

Let's evaluate both the Assertion and the Reason:

1. Understanding Electrical Dipoles: An electrical dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. If such a dipole is enclosed inside a Gaussian surface, we need to apply Gauss's law to determine the total electric flux through the surface.
2. Gauss's Law: Gauss's law states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to \frac{1}{\epsilon_0} times the net charge enclosed by the surface: \Phi = \frac{q_{\text{enc}}}{\epsilon_0}
3. Flux for an Enclosed Dipole: For a dipole enclosed within the Gaussian surface, the positive and negative charges are equal and opposite, resulting in a net charge of zero inside the surface. According to Gauss's law, the net electric flux: \Phi = \frac{0}{\epsilon_0} = 0
4. Evaluation of the Assertion: The assertion that the total flux through the enclosed surface is zero is correct because the net charge inside the surface is zero.
5. Evaluation of the Reason: The reason clearly states that the net charge inside the enclosed surface is zero, which is indeed why the flux is zero. Hence, the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Conclusion: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Therefore, the correct option is: Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A).