William Stern originated the concept of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ). In psychology, IQ is a score from standardized tests of cognitive abilities, gauging an individual's intellectual capacity compared to the average of a population.
William Stern, a German psychologist, initially defined IQ as the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100. This formula facilitated the comparison of intellectual performance across various age groups:
| IQ Formula |
|---|
| \( IQ = \frac{Mental\:Age}{Chronological\:Age} \times 100 \) |
Stern's pioneering work in quantifying intelligence was instrumental, paving the way for subsequent advancements by psychologists like Alfred Binet and Lewis Terman, who further developed IQ testing methodologies.
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (A) Intellectual deficiency | (I) Prodigy |
| (B) Intellectually gifted | (II) Below IQ score of 70 |
| (C) Remarkable ability in a specific field | (III) IQ above 130 |
| (D) Highly talented | (IV) Talent |