Question:medium

Which of the following is CORRECT with respect to the property mentioned against it?

Show Hint

For all colligative properties, remember that adding a non-volatile solute to a solvent will:
  • Lower the freezing point.
  • Elevate the boiling point.
  • Lower the vapour pressure.
  • Increase the osmotic pressure.
Also, always account for the Van't Hoff factor (i) for electrolytes.
Updated On: Apr 28, 2026
  • Osmotic pressure at 298K : 0.1M NaCl solution<0.1M Urea solution
  • Concentration of NaCl in the solution : 2ppm>2M
  • \(\Delta\)T\(_b\) : 0.02M Urea solution>0.02M NaCl solution
  • Vapour pressure at 298K : Salt water<Pure water
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Evaluate various colligative properties (Osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point, relative lowering of vapor pressure) and concentration units. Colligative properties rely strictly on the total number of solute particles (ions/molecules) in the solution, governed by the Van't Hoff factor ($i$).
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
For colligative properties, apply the formulas: $\pi = iCRT$ and $\Delta T_{b} = iK_{b}m$. Compare $i$ values: $NaCl$ ($i \approx 2$) vs. Urea ($i = 1$). Compare concentration magnitudes for $ppm$ vs. Molarity.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
(A) Osmotic Pressure ($\pi$): For the same molarity ($C$), $\pi$ depends on $i$. $NaCl$ dissociates into 2 ions ($i=2$), while Urea is a non-electrolyte ($i=1$). Thus, $\pi_{NaCl}>\pi_{Urea}$. The given statement is reversed. (Incorrect)
(B) Concentration: Parts per million ($ppm$) is for highly dilute traces. $2$ M of $NaCl$ is roughly $117$ g per Liter ($117,000$ mg/L or ppm). Clearly, $2$ ppm is exponentially smaller than $2$ M. (Incorrect)
(C) Elevation in Boiling Point ($\Delta T_{b}$): Similar to osmotic pressure, for equal concentrations, $NaCl$ ($i=2$) creates a higher elevation in boiling point than Urea ($i=1$). Thus, $\Delta T_{b \text{ (NaCl)}}>\Delta T_{b \text{ (Urea)}}$. (Incorrect)
(D) Vapour Pressure: Raoult's Law states that the addition of a non-volatile solute (like salt) to a pure solvent (water) physically blocks solvent molecules from escaping, which continuously lowers the vapour pressure. Thus, salt water has a strictly lower Vapour Pressure than pure water. (Correct)
Step 4: Final Answer:
Option (D) is the correct statement.
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