Question

Two statements are given below followed by two conclusions numbered (1) and (2). Which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements? Please disregard commonly known facts.
Statements: Some professors are doctors. All the doctors are patients.
Conclusions: 1. Some professors are patients. 2. No doctor is professor.

• A. Only (1) conclusion follows
• B. Only (2) conclusion follows
• C. Neither (1) nor (2) follow
• D. Both (1) and (2) follow

Hint:

Always use Venn diagrams for syllogisms to avoid being misled by common knowledge.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Convert the statements.
Some professors are doctors means the professor set and doctor set overlap. All doctors are patients means Doctors $\subseteq$ Patients.
Step 2: Follow the overlapping members.
Take the professors who are also doctors; such people definitely exist by the first statement.
Step 3: Carry them into patients.
Since every doctor is a patient, those professor-doctors are patients too.
Step 4: Judge Conclusion 1.
So at least those people are professors who are patients, which means "Some professors are patients" is guaranteed. Conclusion 1 follows.
Step 5: Judge Conclusion 2.
"No doctor is a professor" directly contradicts "Some professors are doctors", so it cannot follow.
Step 6: Conclude.
Only Conclusion 1 follows.
\[ \boxed{\text{Only (1) conclusion follows}} \]