Question:medium

The value of \(\int \frac{1}{\sin\left(x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right)} dx\) is

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\(\int \csc x dx = \ln |\tan(x/2)| + C\).
Updated On: Jun 17, 2026
  • \(2\log |\sin x + \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)
  • \(2\log |\sin x \cdot \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)
  • \(2\log |\sin x - \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)
  • None of the above
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

To evaluate the integral \(\int \frac{1}{\sin\left(x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right)} \, dx\), we start by simplifying and using trigonometric identities:

  • We know that \(\sin\left(x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \sin x \cos \frac{\pi}{3} - \cos x \sin \frac{\pi}{3}\).
  • By substituting \(\cos \frac{\pi}{3} = \frac{1}{2}\) and \(\sin \frac{\pi}{3} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\), the expression becomes \(\sin\left(x - \frac{\pi}{3}\right) = \frac{1}{2} \sin x - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cos x\).
  • This transforms the integral into \(\int \frac{2}{\sin x - \sqrt{3} \cos x} \, dx\).

For simplification, let's use a trigonometric identity for \(\sin A - \sin B\):

The expression \(\sin A - \sin B\) does not apply directly here as we simplify based on standard integrals. Instead, we solve it using another substitution:

  • Let \(u = x - \frac{\pi}{3}\), then \(du = dx\).
  • Thus the integral becomes \(\int \frac{1}{\sin(u)} \, du = \int \csc(u) \, du\).

The integral of \(\csc(u)\) is:

  • \(\int \csc(u) \, du = \log |\csc(u) - \cot(u)| + C\).

Returning to \(x\), \(u = x - \frac{\pi}{3}\), so:

  • \(\csc(x - \frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{1}{\sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})}\).
  • \(\cot(x - \frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{\cos(x - \frac{\pi}{3})}{\sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})}\).

Therefore, the integral becomes:

  • \(\log \left|\csc(x - \frac{\pi}{3}) - \cot(x - \frac{\pi}{3})\right| + C\).

Examining the given options:

  • \(2\log |\sin x + \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)
  • \(2\log |\sin x \cdot \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)
  • \(2\log |\sin x - \sin(x - \frac{\pi}{3})| + C\)

None of these options match the solution \(\log \left|\csc(x - \frac{\pi}{3}) - \cot(x - \frac{\pi}{3})\right| + C\). Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above".

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