Step 1: Recall the order of planets from the Sun.
The planets in order from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
Step 2: Recall the size ranking of planets.
By size from largest: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and then Earth. So Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System.
Step 3: Match both criteria.
Earth satisfies both conditions: third closest to the Sun and fifth largest planet, making it the correct answer.
\[ \boxed{\text{the Earth}} \]