The G8 works on a rotating presidency: whichever member holds the chair for a year also hosts that year's summit. The question is set in early 2012 and asks about the 38th edition, so we need the 2012 chair.
So the answer is the USA. Two things are worth carrying forward. The G8 then had eight members, the USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada and Russia, and Russia was later suspended in 2014, which turned the group back into the G7. At Camp David the leaders spent most of their time on the euro zone debt crisis, the growth versus austerity argument, food security in Africa, and Syria and Iran.
Let us summarize:
The correct option is (A), USA.
In November 2023, which state government declared a fish named “Ghol” as the state fish?