Question:medium

Statement One: Some democracies are dictatorship.
Statement Two: No dictatorship is a monarchy.
Conclusions:
I. No democracy is a monarchy.
II. No dictatorship is a democracy.
III. Some democracies are monarchy.
IV. Some dictatorships are democracies.

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Only a slice of the democracies group is known to be dictatorship. Ask what that slice looks like when you read it from the dictatorship side, and whether the rest of the democracies group is bound by anything at all.
Updated On: Jul 17, 2026
  • None follows
  • Only IV follows.
  • II and III follow.
  • I and IV follow.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Set up the diagram first. Draw the democracies circle and the dictatorships circle so that they overlap, since some democracies are dictatorships. Then draw the monarchies circle completely away from dictatorships, since no dictatorship is a monarchy. Monarchies is still free to touch the part of democracies that lies outside the overlap. That freedom is what decides the question.

  1. None follows: This ignores the fact that an overlap has two sides. If part of democracies is dictatorship, then that same part, seen from the other side, is dictatorship that is democracy. So something does follow and this option is out.
  2. Only IV follows: IV reads the overlap from the dictatorships side, which is always allowed. Nothing else in the list survives, so this option matches the diagram exactly.
  3. II and III follow: II wipes out the overlap that the first premise insists on, so it fights its own data. III would need monarchies to be pulled into democracies, but we are free to keep monarchies entirely outside democracies while both premises stay true. Both fail.
  4. I and IV follow: IV is right, but I demands that the whole democracies circle avoid monarchies. Only the dictatorship part of it is barred from monarchies. Push the monarchies circle into the non dictatorship part of democracies and both premises still hold while I turns false.

The strongest genuine deduction available from these premises is "Some democracies are not monarchies", built from the overlap plus the negative premise. That statement is not offered as a choice, which leaves the conversion in IV as the only survivor.

Let's summarize:

  • A "some" overlap can always be read from either side, which secures IV.
  • A negative premise touching only part of a group never turns into a statement about the whole group, which kills I.
  • A conclusion may not contradict a premise, which kills II, and a mere possibility is not a conclusion, which kills III.

So the answer is option (B), only IV follows.

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