Question:medium

Read the following statements and find out which of these statements is/are correct:
I. If \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\) are three linearly independent vectors in \(V(F)\) then \(\alpha+\beta\), \(\beta+\gamma\) and \(\gamma+\alpha\) are also linearly independent.
II. The vectors \(2x^3+x^2+x+1,\ x^3+3x^2+x-2,\ x^3+2x^2-x+3\) of \(V_4(R)\) are linearly independent.

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For statement I, check if the matrix relating the new combinations to the old vectors is invertible. For statement II, test the rank of the coefficient vectors using any nonzero 3x3 minor.
Updated On: Jul 4, 2026
  • Only I is correct
  • Only II is correct
  • Both I and II are incorrect
  • Both I and II are correct
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Statement I via a transformation matrix. Write the new vectors as $\alpha+\beta,\ \beta+\gamma,\ \gamma+\alpha$. In terms of the basis $\{\alpha,\beta,\gamma\}$ (restricted to their span), the coefficient matrix taking $(\alpha,\beta,\gamma)$ to the new triple is $$M = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$$ (rows give the coefficients of $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ in each new vector).
Step 2: Compute $\det(M) = 1(1\cdot1 - 0\cdot1) - 0(1\cdot1-0\cdot0) + 1(1\cdot1-1\cdot0) = 1 - 0 + 1 = 2 \neq 0$.
Step 3: Since $M$ is invertible and $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ are linearly independent, the transformed set $\alpha+\beta,\beta+\gamma,\gamma+\alpha$ must also be linearly independent (an invertible linear transformation preserves linear independence). Statement I is correct.
Step 4: Statement II via a determinant minor. Take the first three coordinates (coefficients of $x^3,x^2,x$) of the three polynomials: $u_1=(2,1,1)$, $u_2=(1,3,1)$, $u_3=(1,2,-1)$.
Step 5: Compute the determinant $$\begin{vmatrix} 2 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & -1 \end{vmatrix} = 2(3(-1)-1\cdot2) - 1(1(-1)-1\cdot1) + 1(1\cdot2-3\cdot1) = 2(-5) - 1(-2) + 1(-1) = -10+2-1 = -9$$
Step 6: Since this $3\times 3$ minor is nonzero, the three original 4-dimensional vectors have rank 3, i.e. they are linearly independent. Statement II is correct.
\[\boxed{\text{Both I and II are correct}}\]
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