This question relates to the chemistry of vitamins and their nutritional importance. Each vitamin has a specific biochemical role, and its absence manifests as a distinct deficiency disease.
Step-by-step matching:
Step 1: Identify the chemical name for Vitamin C. Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid. Its deficiency causes Scurvy. So, A $\rightarrow$ III.
Step 2: Identify the chemical name for Vitamin $B_6$. Vitamin $B_6$ is Pyridoxine. Its deficiency is known to cause convulsions in infants and skin disorders. So, B $\rightarrow$ I.
Step 3: Identify the chemical name for Vitamin $B_2$. Vitamin $B_2$ is Riboflavin. Deficiency of Riboflavin leads to Cheilosis (fissuring at the corners of the mouth) and digestive disorders. So, C $\rightarrow$ IV.
Step 4: Identify the disease associated with Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A (Retinol) deficiency leads to Xerophthalmia (hardening of the cornea) and night blindness. So, D $\rightarrow$ II.
Final Matching Sequence:
A - III
B - I
C - IV
D - II
This corresponds to the third option.