Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum groups waves by wavelength, frequency, and photon energy. Energy and frequency follow a direct proportional relationship defined by the Planck-Einstein equation, whereas wavelength shares an inverse relationship with both.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
The energy carried by an electromagnetic photon is given by:
$$ E = h\nu = \frac{hc}{\lambda} $$
Where:
- $E$ is photon energy
- $\nu$ is wave frequency
- $\lambda$ is wavelength
- $h$ is Planck's constant, and $c$ is the speed of light.
The complete EM spectrum, ordered from highest energy/frequency to lowest, is:
$$\text{Gamma Rays}>\text{X-Rays}>\text{Ultraviolet}>\text{Visible Light}>\text{Infrared}>\text{Microwaves}>\text{Radio Waves}$$
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each wave type in Column I and pair it with its unique property in Column II:
1. (A) Gamma rays: These waves have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies in the entire electromagnetic spectrum. According to $E = h\nu$, they carry the (II) Highest energy. Hence, A matches with II.
2. (B) X-rays: These high-energy waves easily penetrate soft tissues but are stopped by dense bones. This unique property makes them ideal for (IV) Used in medical imaging (radiography). Hence, B matches with IV.
3. (C) Microwaves: Due to their moderate wavelengths, these waves travel effectively through the atmosphere without significant scattering, making them perfect for (III) Used in radar communication. Hence, C matches with III.
4. (D) Radio waves: These waves sit at the far end of the spectrum, featuring the longest wavelengths and the (I) Lowest frequency. Hence, D matches with I.
Combining these individual matches yields the sequence: A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I. This matches option (A).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence is A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I.