
According to biomolecular theory and the structures of the identified compounds:
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Galactose are epimers, with a differing configuration at a single carbon atom.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\beta\)-Glucose are anomers, differing at the anomeric carbon.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Fructose are functional isomers due to the presence of distinct functional groups.
\(\alpha\)-Glucose and \(\alpha\)-Ribose belong to different homologous series.
