Question

Match List-I with List-II

\[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{List-I} & \textbf{List-II} \\ \hline (A) \; \text{Circular Fringes} & (I) \; \text{Nicol prism} \\ (B) \; \text{Straight parallel and equidistant interference pattern} & (II) \; \text{Newton's Ring experiment} \\ (C) \; \text{Polarizer} & (III) \; \text{Interference in wedge-shaped film} \\ (D) \; \text{E-ray and O-ray travel with same speed} & (IV) \; \text{Optic axis} \\ \hline \end{array} \]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)

Hint:

Associate fringe shapes with the geometry of the film: - {Circular symmetry} (Newton's Rings) \(\rightarrow\) {Circular fringes}. - {Linear wedge} \(\rightarrow\) {Straight, parallel fringes}. Also, remember key optical components: Nicol Prism = Polarizer, and the definition of the Optic Axis in birefringent crystals.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question involves associating specific phenomena or devices from wave optics with their respective experiments, examples, or definitions.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

(A) Circular Fringes: In the Newton's Ring experiment, the air film's thickness is constant for a given circle around the point of contact. These loci of equal thickness generate circular interference fringes. Thus, (A) corresponds to (II).

(B) Straight parallel and equidistant interference pattern: When interference occurs in a thin air film shaped like a wedge (e.g., between two glass slides at a small angle), the fringes of equal thickness appear as straight, parallel, and equidistant lines, running parallel to the wedge's edge. Therefore, (B) corresponds to (III).

(C) Polarizer: A polarizer is a device that converts unpolarized light into polarized light. A Nicol prism, constructed from a calcite crystal, is a well-known example of a polarizer that utilizes double refraction. Consequently, (C) corresponds to (I).

(D) E-ray and O-ray travel with same speed: In a birefringent (doubly refracting) crystal, unpolarized light divides into an ordinary ray (O-ray) and an extraordinary ray (E-ray). These two rays typically travel at different speeds. However, there exists a specific direction within the crystal where their speeds are equal. This unique direction is termed the Optic axis. Hence, (D) corresponds to (IV).
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct pairings are: (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV). This aligns with option (A).