Step 1: Definition of "Criticism."
"Criticism" is defined as the evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of literary works.
The Khasi language has been notably enriched by the assimilation of English literary terms.
Consequently, numerous scholars have been instrumental in translating and standardizing these terms into Khasi.
Step 2: D. R. L. Nonglait's Contribution.
D. R. L. Nonglait, a distinguished Khasi literary scholar, significantly advanced Khasi linguistics and literary studies.
He played a crucial role in standardizing literary vocabulary and translating English literary terminology into Khasi.
To represent the concept of "Criticism" (the analysis or evaluation of literature), he coined the phrase "Ka Jingbishar Bniah."
This Khasi term encapsulates the same meaning: a thorough and reasoned judgment or evaluation of literary work.
Step 3: Meaning of "Ka Jingbishar Bniah."
In Khasi, "Jingbishar" signifies judgment or examination, while "Bniah" denotes depth, detail, or precision.
Together, "Ka Jingbishar Bniah" effectively conveys the analytical and evaluative essence of literary criticism.
Thus, it has become the recognized Khasi equivalent of the English term "Criticism" in Khasi literature.
Step 4: Exclusion of Incorrect Options.
- (1) H. W. Sten — recognized for language studies but not for translating "Criticism."
- (2) E. Bars — contributed to Khasi prose but did not introduce this specific literary term.
- (3) J. S. Shangpliang — a writer, but not linked to the origination of literary terminology.
- (4) D. R. L. Nonglait — correct, as he formalized the term "Ka Jingbishar Bniah."
Step 5: Conclusion.
D. R. L. Nonglait introduced "Ka Jingbishar Bniah" as the Khasi counterpart to "Criticism," signifying deep analytical understanding in literature.