Question:medium

Let \(z_1, z_2, z_3\) be three vertices of an equilateral triangle circumscribing the circle \(|z| = 1/2\). If \(z_1 = 1/2 + i\sqrt{3}/2\) and \(z_1, z_2, z_3\) were in anticlockwise sense, then \(z_2\) is

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For equilateral triangle, vertices are at 120° intervals.
Updated On: Jun 16, 2026
  • \(1 + \sqrt{3}i\)
  • \(1 - \sqrt{3}i\)
  • 1
  • -1
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

To solve this problem, we need to determine the next vertex \( z_2 \) of the equilateral triangle given that \( z_1 = \frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \) is one of the vertices and the vertices are described in an anticlockwise direction.

An equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle (i.e., circumcircle) can also be considered to be rotated by an angle of \( \frac{2\pi}{3} \) radians (120 degrees) about the center of the circle to reach from one vertex to the next.

The given circle is described by the equation \( |z| = \frac{1}{2} \). This implies that the radius of the circumcircle of the triangle is \( \frac{1}{2} \).

Since \( z_1 = \frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \), we need to rotate this point by \( \frac{2\pi}{3} \) anticlockwise about the circle's center to find \( z_2 \).

The rotation transformation in the complex plane can be represented by multiplying with \( e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}} \). Therefore, we calculate:

\(z_2 = z_1 \cdot e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}}\)

The complex exponential \( e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}} \) can be expressed using Euler's formula as:

\(e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}} = \cos\left(\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) + i\sin\left(\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}} = -\frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Now let's do the multiplication:

\(z_2 = \left(\frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\)

Performing the multiplication, we use the distributive property:

\(z_2 = \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot -\frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) + \left(i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot -\frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\)

This gives:

\(z_2 = -\frac{1}{4} + i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \frac{3}{4}\)

Simplifying, the imaginary terms \( i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - i\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \) cancel each other:

\(z_2 = -\frac{1}{4} - \frac{3}{4} = -1\)

Therefore, the second vertex of the triangle, \( z_2 \), is \( -1 \).

Thus, the correct answer is:

-1

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