M13: M13 is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli cells with an F-plasmid. Its single-stranded circular genome is valuable in biological and biotechnological applications. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: This bacterium facilitates gene transfer into plant cells. YEp: YEp is a yeast episomal plasmid, distinct from E. coli. pBR322: pBR322 is a widely used bacterial plasmid vector, not a virus.