Question

Identify the schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trial or event.

• A. Variable interval schedule
• B. Variable ratio schedule
• C. Fixed ratio schedule
• D. Fixed interval schedule

Hint:

Think of a slot machine. You don't know how many times you have to pull the lever (number of responses) before you win (reinforcement). This is a classic example of a variable ratio schedule, which is known for producing high and steady rates of behavior.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Concept Identification:
The question requires identifying a reinforcement schedule based on two conditions: (1) it is contingent on the count of responses, and (2) this count is variable or indeterminate.
Step 2: Detailed Analysis:
Definitions:

Ratio vs. Interval: Ratio schedules are response-based. Interval schedules are time-based. The criterion of "number of responses" dictates a ratio schedule.
Fixed vs. Variable: Fixed schedules involve a constant requirement. Variable schedules involve a fluctuating, unpredictable requirement. The condition of the number being "different for each trial" indicates a variable schedule.
Combining these classifications yields a Variable Ratio schedule.
(A) Variable interval schedule: Reinforcement follows an unpredictable duration of time.
(B) Variable ratio schedule: Reinforcement follows an unpredictable number of responses. This aligns with the given description.
(C) Fixed ratio schedule: Reinforcement follows a predetermined, constant number of responses.
(D) Fixed interval schedule: Reinforcement follows a predetermined duration of time.
Step 3: Conclusion:
The reinforcement schedule characterized by an unpredictable number of responses is the variable ratio schedule.