Question:medium

Identify the pairs of elements, which possess almost the same size as well as properties

Show Hint

Due to Lanthanoid contraction, 4d and 5d transition elements in the same group have nearly identical radii.
Updated On: Jun 10, 2026
  • I & II only
  • II, III & IV only
  • III, IV & V only
  • I, II & V only
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understand what is asked.
We must spot pairs of elements that are almost the same in size and behave alike. The reason behind such close pairs is a special shrinking effect.

Step 2: Recall lanthanoid contraction.
As we cross the 4f series, the added 4f electrons shield poorly. The nucleus then pulls the outer electrons in steadily, so size shrinks more than expected. This extra shrinking is the lanthanoid contraction.

Step 3: See the effect on later elements.
Because of this contraction, the elements of the 5d series end up nearly the same size as the 4d element just above them in the same group. So a 4d and a 5d partner become near twins.

Step 4: Identify the classic twin pairs.
The famous look-alike pairs are zirconium and hafnium, niobium and tantalum, and molybdenum and tungsten. These show almost equal atomic and ionic radii.

Step 5: Map to the listed items.
In this question those twin pairs correspond to items II, III and IV, while items I and V are ordinary group neighbours that differ in size.

Step 6: Pick the matching option.
The group of near-identical pairs is II, III and IV only.
\[ \boxed{\text{II, III \& IV only}} \]
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