Understanding the Concept:
Salicylic acid contains both phenolic \(-OH\) and carboxylic acid \(-COOH\) functional groups and undergoes esterification and acetylation reactions.
Step 1: Reaction with methanol in acidic medium.
Salicylic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst.
\[
\mathrm{Salicylic\ acid + CH_3OH \rightarrow Methyl\ salicylate}
\]
Methyl salicylate is also known as oil of wintergreen.
This is an esterification reaction involving the carboxylic acid group.
Thus:
\[
[A]=\mathrm{CH_3OH/H^+}
\]
Step 2: Acetylation of phenolic group.
The phenolic \(-OH\) group of salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride.
\[
\mathrm{Salicylic\ acid + (CH_3CO)_2O \rightarrow Aspirin}
\]
The product formed is acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin.
Hence:
\[
[B]=\mathrm{(CH_3CO)_2O/H^+}
\]
Step 3: Conclusion.
Therefore, option (2) is correct.
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