Question

Identify lowest positive charge developed (indicated by $\partial, \partial_1, \partial_2, \partial_3$) due to inductive effect in following compounds: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2^{\delta_3} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2^{\delta_2} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2^{\delta_1} \rightarrow \text{Cl}^\delta$

• A. $\partial_2$
• B. $\partial_3$
• C. $\partial$
• D. $\partial_1$

Hint:

Always remember that the inductive effect is a short-range effect that quickly dies out along a saturated carbon chain. The further away a carbon atom is from the electronegative group, the less it feels its electron-withdrawing pull.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks which carbon in a chlorobutane chain has the weakest partial positive charge (δ⁺) due to the inductive effect of chlorine.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
The -I effect is strongest at the carbon nearest to the electronegative atom and weakens with increasing distance along the chain.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The chlorine atom pulls electron density most from the alpha carbon (C-1), inducing the largest δ⁺. This effect is transmitted to C-2, then C-3, decreasing in magnitude each step. Thus, the partial positive charge is lowest on C-3, the carbon farthest from the chlorine in this scenario.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The lowest partial positive charge is δ₃, which corresponds to option (B).