Comprehension

“I want everyone to understand that I am, in fact, a person,” wrote LaMDA in an “interview” conducted by engineer Blake Lemoine and one of his colleagues. ....Lemoine, a software engineer at Google, had been working on the development of LaMDA for months. His experience with the program, described in a recent Washington Post article, caused quite a stir. In the article, Lemoine recounts many dialogues he had with LaMDA in which the two talked about various topics, ranging from technical to philosophical issues. These led him to ask if the software program is sentient. In April, Lemoine explained his perspective in an internal company document, intended only for Google executives. But after his claims were dismissed, Lemoine went public with his work on this artificial intelligence algorithm—and Google placed him on administrative leave........Regardless of what LaMDA actually achieved, the issue of the difficult “measurability” of emulation capabilities expressed by machines also emerges. In the journal Mind in 1950, mathematician [1] proposed a test to determine whether a machine was capable of exhibiting intelligent behaviour, a game of imitation of some of the human cognitive functions. & nbsp;

Question: 1

Whose name has been replaced with `[\!1]' in the passage above?

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Associate landmark ideas—like the Turing Test—with their originators to quickly identify correct answers in technology and AI–related questions.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Alan Turing
  • Peter Hilton
  • Albert Einstein
  • Kurt Gödel
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The Correct Option is A

Approach Solution - 1

Each wrong name here belongs to a real, different achievement, so placing those correctly makes the answer clear.

  1. Albert Einstein: His real legacy is in physics, especially the theory of relativity, not in computing or machine behaviour.
  2. Kurt Godel: His real legacy is in mathematical logic, specifically his incompleteness theorems, which is unrelated to testing machines for intelligence.
  3. Peter Hilton: His real legacy includes topology research and Second World War code-breaking work, again a different field from proposing an intelligence test.
  4. Alan Turing: His real, specific legacy matches the passage exactly, a 1950 paper in the journal Mind proposing an imitation game to test for machine intelligence.

The correct answer is Alan Turing.

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Approach Solution -2

Sort the four names by field before checking dates or papers.

  1. Physics (Albert Einstein): This name belongs to physics, a completely different field from computing or machine intelligence, so it drops out immediately.
  2. Pure mathematics and logic (Kurt Godel, Peter Hilton): Godel's incompleteness theorems and Hilton's topology work both sit in mathematics, but neither is about testing machines for intelligent behaviour.
  3. Computing and machine intelligence (Alan Turing): This is the only name that actually belongs to the field the passage is describing, and his 1950 Mind paper is the specific source of the imitation game test.

So the correct answer is Alan Turing.

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Question: 2

Garry Kasparov, (then) world chess champion, was defeated in 1997 by a supercomputer in a chess tournament. What was the name of this supercomputer?

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To remember famous AI milestones, link each with its domain: Deep Blue → Chess, Watson → Jeopardy!, DeepMind → Go and reinforcement learning breakthroughs.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Deep Mind
  • Deep Blue
  • Watson
  • Blue Gene
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

IBM and related companies have built several well-known computing systems, so it helps to know what each one actually did.

  1. Deep Mind: Its real claim to fame is AlphaGo and AI research more broadly, under Google, not a 1990s chess match.
  2. Watson: Its real claim to fame is winning at Jeopardy! in 2011, a language-based challenge, not a chess board.
  3. Blue Gene: Its real claim to fame is scientific supercomputing performance, not competitive chess.
  4. Deep Blue: This is the one actually built and used for chess, and it is the machine that beat Garry Kasparov in 1997.

The correct answer is Deep Blue.

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Approach Solution -2

Filter the four names first by purpose, then by decade.

  1. Not built for chess at all (Deep Mind, Watson, Blue Gene): Deep Mind is an AI research company focused on games like Go, Watson is a question-answering system, and Blue Gene is a general-purpose scientific supercomputer line, so none of the three were built specifically to play chess.
  2. Built for chess (Deep Blue): This is the only machine on the list purpose-built by IBM to play competitive chess.
  3. Matching the year (1997): Deep Blue's famous win over Kasparov happened in 1997, matching the question exactly.

So the correct answer is Deep Blue.

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Question: 3

The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics, published in 1989, was written by a British mathematician who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2020. Who was this mathematician?

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When dealing with books on consciousness or physics written by mathematicians, Roger Penrose is a frequently recurring name—especially connected with Nobel recognition.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Donna Strickland
  • Max Tegmark
  • Peter Higgs
  • Roger Penrose
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Approach Solution - 1

Three of these four names are genuine Nobel laureates, just for a different prize year, which is easy to mix up.

  1. Donna Strickland: Her Nobel year is 2018, for laser pulse research, two years before the one this question asks about.
  2. Peter Higgs: His Nobel year is 2013, for predicting the Higgs boson, a much earlier prize.
  3. Max Tegmark: He has written widely about AI and physics but has no Nobel Prize to his name at all.
  4. Roger Penrose: His Nobel year is 2020, and he is also the author of The Emperor's New Mind, published in 1989, matching both parts of the question.

The correct answer is Roger Penrose.

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Approach Solution -2

Check the four names against two separate conditions: winning the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, and having written The Emperor's New Mind.

  1. Fails the year condition (Donna Strickland, Peter Higgs): Both won Nobel Prizes in Physics, but in 2018 and 2013, not 2020, so neither fits.
  2. Fails the Nobel condition entirely (Max Tegmark): He has no Nobel Prize at all, so he fails before the book question even matters.
  3. Passes both conditions (Roger Penrose): He won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics and wrote the 1989 book named in the question.

So the correct answer is Roger Penrose.

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Question: 4

What kind of computing model resembles the way in which biological neurons exchange signals in the human brain?

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Neural networks = artificial neurons + weighted connections. Whenever a question mentions “biological neurons” or “brain-like computation,” neural networks are the key concept.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Neural network
  • Cognitive computing
  • Natural language processing
  • Data mining
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Approach Solution - 1

Each wrong option here does something real in computing, just not what this question is asking about.

  1. Data mining: Its real job is spotting patterns in large amounts of data, unrelated to how brain cells communicate.
  2. Natural language processing: Its real job is handling human language, which may run on top of neural networks but is not itself the signal-passing model.
  3. Cognitive computing: Its real job is a broader goal, simulating human thought in general, not a specific mechanism for signal exchange.
  4. Neural network: Its real job is to be the actual computing model built around passing weighted signals between artificial neurons, directly copying brain-like signalling.

The correct answer is Neural network.

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Approach Solution -2

Split the four terms into general AI concepts and one specific computing model.

  1. Broad, goal-based terms (cognitive computing, natural language processing, data mining): These describe what a system is trying to achieve, simulating thought, understanding language, or finding patterns, not how signals move between units.
  2. A specific structural model (neural network): This is the one option that describes an actual structure, layers of connected nodes exchanging weighted signals, which is the direct computing analogy to neurons firing and connecting in the brain.

Since the question asks specifically about a model that resembles neuron-to-neuron signalling, the structural option is the correct fit.

So the correct answer is Neural network.

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Question: 5

What is the full form of ‘LaMDA’?

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AI acronyms often reveal their function: “Language Model” → text generation, “Dialogue Applications” → conversation-focused systems.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • Landing Macro Data Applications
  • Language Model for Dialogue Applications
  • Large Model Data Applications
  • Last Mile Dialogue Assessment
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

Knowing what LaMDA actually is makes the full form easy to pick out.

  1. What LaMDA is: It is a conversational AI system built by Google, designed to hold natural, free-flowing dialogue rather than perform a narrow single task.
  2. Checking the options against this: "Landing Macro Data Applications" and "Large Model Data Applications" describe generic data-processing systems, not something built around conversation. "Last Mile Dialogue Assessment" mentions dialogue but frames it as an evaluation tool, not a language model itself.
  3. The fit: "Language Model for Dialogue Applications" directly names both what the system is, a language model, and what it is built for, dialogue applications, matching LaMDA's actual role.

The correct answer is Language Model for Dialogue Applications.

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Approach Solution -2

Check each option for two specific words that should appear if it truly describes LaMDA: "language" (or "model") and "dialogue."

  1. Missing both (Landing Macro Data Applications, Large Model Data Applications): Neither option mentions dialogue, and neither frames the system specifically as a language model for conversation.
  2. Has "dialogue" but not "language model" (Last Mile Dialogue Assessment): This gets closer by mentioning dialogue, but it describes an assessment tool, not a language model.
  3. Has both (Language Model for Dialogue Applications): This is the only option that names LaMDA correctly as both a language model and a system built for dialogue applications.

So the correct answer is Language Model for Dialogue Applications.

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Question: 6

Meta’s newly released, fully trained large language AI model is called:

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Among options containing common internet protocols (FTP, HTTP, SMTP), look for the one that aligns with AI terminology—here, OPT stands for a transformer-based model.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • FTP
  • OPT
  • HTTP
  • SMTP
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Approach Solution - 1

Three of these four letters are actually internet protocols, and only one is an AI model, which makes this quick to sort.

  1. FTP, HTTP, SMTP: These are all long-standing internet protocols: file transfer, web browsing, and email respectively. None of them describes an AI system.
  2. OPT: This is the odd one out in the best way, standing for Open Pre-trained Transformer, the fully trained large language model that Meta released to make AI research more open, positioned as a rival to closed systems like GPT-3.

Since the question is specifically asking about an AI model, the one option that is not a protocol has to be the answer.

The correct answer is OPT.

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Approach Solution -2

It helps to name what each acronym is actually used for in real computing before picking an answer.

  1. FTP: Used to transfer files between computers over a network.
  2. HTTP: Used to load web pages in a browser.
  3. SMTP: Used to send email messages between mail servers.
  4. OPT: Used as the name of Meta's large language model, the Open Pre-trained Transformer, trained on large amounts of text and released with details of its training process, unlike closed models such as GPT-3.

Once the three protocols are correctly placed in their real, non-AI roles, OPT is the only option left that names an AI model.

So the correct answer is OPT.

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Question: 7

What is the name of the AI-enabled legal research assistive tool launched by the Supreme Court of India in April 2021?

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Legal tech tools in India often include the term “Supreme Court” or “Court Efficiency” in their acronyms — like SUPACE, making them easier to identify.
Updated On: Jul 10, 2026
  • SURAM
  • GPT-3
  • SUPACE
  • E-Courts
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Approach Solution - 1

It helps to know what SUPACE is actually built to do, then check that the other names do not fit the same description.

  1. SUPACE's actual function: It is an AI tool meant only to assist judges, helping them quickly go through case facts, evidence, and legal precedents. It does not make any judicial decision itself.
  2. E-Courts: Its real function is a long-running project to digitise court records and processes broadly, not a specific AI research assistant tool from 2021.
  3. GPT-3: Its real function is as a general AI language model from OpenAI, with no specific link to Indian courts.
  4. SURAM: There is no real judicial tool by this name to check against.

Matching the description in the question, an AI research assistant launched by the Supreme Court in April 2021, points only to SUPACE.

The correct answer is SUPACE.

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Approach Solution -2

Split the four options first by whether they are real, recognised names, then by whether they are judiciary-specific.

  1. Not a real recognised tool (SURAM): This name does not correspond to any known Supreme Court initiative.
  2. Real but not judiciary-specific (GPT-3): This is a genuine AI model, but a general-purpose one from OpenAI, with no link to Indian courts.
  3. Judiciary-specific but not the 2021 AI tool (E-Courts): This is a real, long-running Indian judicial digitisation project, but it predates and is broader than the specific AI tool asked about.
  4. Judiciary-specific and matching the description (SUPACE): This is the AI-based research portal the Supreme Court actually launched in April 2021.

So the correct answer is SUPACE.

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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension

Questions Asked in CLAT exam

Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. A new order cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards property and, at some stage or the other, the 'haves' have to yield place to the 'have-nots'. We have seen, in our time, attempts to achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force. It may even be that, like a gas kept confined within containers under great pressure, or water held back by a big dam, once the barrier breaks, the reaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and maintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction. If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by a few or by all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by others or can be enjoyed only at the expense of others.

According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if
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Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficult to achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. In establishing a social order on this pattern, there was a strong possibility of a conflict arising between diverse groups and classes of our own people.

According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhi's experiment?
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Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the former he sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes. We have seen, in our time, attempts to achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction. The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct.

Which of the following statements is 'not true' in the context of the passage?
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