Question:easy

For a perfectly black body, coefficient of emission is

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The coefficients of absorption, reflection, transmission, and emission are all normalized ratios bounded between 0 and 1. An ideal, perfect system always takes a value of exactly 1 (unity) for its primary defining characteristic.
Updated On: Jun 12, 2026
  • zero
  • infinity
  • unity
  • less than one (non-zero)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Define a perfectly black body.
A perfectly black body is an ideal surface that absorbs every bit of radiation that strikes it, reflecting and transmitting nothing. Its absorption coefficient is therefore $a = 1$.
Step 2: Recall the emission coefficient.
The coefficient of emission (emissivity) $e$ measures how good a surface is at radiating energy compared with a perfect emitter.
Step 3: Bring in Kirchhoff's law.
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation states that, at a given temperature, a body's emissivity equals its absorptivity: $$e = a.$$
Step 4: Apply it to the black body.
Since the black body has $a = 1$, the same law immediately gives $e = 1$.
Step 5: Interpret physically.
A perfect absorber is also a perfect emitter; nothing in nature can emit more efficiently than a black body, so its emissivity hits the maximum value of one.
Step 6: State the answer.
A value of $1$ is called unity.
\[ \boxed{e = 1\ (\text{unity})} \]
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