Depict the variation of electric field (\(\vec{E}\)) and magnetic field (\(\vec{B}\)) with respect to the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave. Write their two important characteristics.
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The directional vector equation for any EM wave propagation is always given by the unit vector of the Poynting vector: \(\hat{k}_{\text{prop}} = \hat{E} \times \hat{B}\). Keep in mind that \(\vec{E}\) and \(\vec{B}\) reach their maxima and minima at the exact same positions and times, meaning they are completely in phase.