Cycloalkene (X) reacts with bromine. During the reaction, 1 mole of cycloalkane consumes 1 mole of Br$_2$ to form a product (Y). The product (Y) has C:Br ratio of 3:1. The percentage of bromine in product (Y) is:
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In reactions where a halogen reacts with an alkene, the percentage of halogen in the product can be determined using the molar mass and the ratio of carbon to halogen atoms in the product.
Statement-I Analysis:
The reaction shown is the **Reimer-Tiemann reaction** (Phenol + CHCl$_3$ + NaOH). The major product is **Salicylaldehyde (o-hydroxybenzaldehyde)**. The ortho-isomer predominates due to the stability provided by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Thus, Statement I is correct.
Statement-II Analysis:
The ortho-isomer has intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which lowers its boiling point (more volatile). The para-isomer has intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a higher boiling point. This difference in volatility allows them to be separated by steam distillation. Thus, Statement II is correct.
Conclusion: Both statements are true.
