Comprehension
Biodiversity is being lost at a rate not seen since the last mass extinction. But the United Nations decade-old plan to slow down and eventually stop the decline of species and ecosystems by 2020 has failed. Most of the plan's 20 targets - known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targeto have not been met. The Aichi targcto arc part of an international agreement called the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. and member states are now finalizing replacements for them. Currently referred to as the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). its draft was published in July 2021. It aims to slow down the rate of biodiversity loss by 2030. And by 2050. biodiversity will be "valued. conserved. restored and wisely used. maintaining ecosystem services. sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people". The GBF is a comprehensive plan. But success will require systemic change across public policy. That is both a strength and a weakness. If systemic change can be implemented, it will lead to real change. But if it cannot, there's no plan B. This has led some researchers to argue that one target or number should be prioritized and defined in a way that is clear to the public and to policy makers. It would be biodiversity's equivalent of the 2°C climate target.
Question: 1

As per the passage. which of the following is a challenge for implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)?

Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
  • Unfulfillment of the pre-2020 global biodiversity targets
  • Clarity of action plan for the society and government
  • Threat of mass extinction
  • Failure of plan to save ecosystems
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The passage lists what went wrong with the earlier Aichi Targets, mass extinction risk and unmet goals, as background, but the actual worry it raises about the new GBF is different: because the GBF depends on broad systemic policy change with "no plan B," researchers want a single clearly defined target so the goal is obvious to both the public and policymakers.


Options (A), (C) and (D) all describe the past plan's shortcomings or the general extinction crisis, not a problem with implementing the GBF itself.


Option (B) is the one point the passage actually ties to the GBF's own success going forward, the absence of one clear, easily communicated target.


The correct answer is clarity of action plan for the society and government.

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Question: 2

According to the passage, why do some researchers advocate that one biodiversity target be prioritized?

Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
  • Systemic policy change is difficult to implement
  • Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is comprehensive
  • The 2 climate target needs to be prioritized
  • Biodiversity needs to be valued, conserved, restored and wisely used
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The question is about the researchers' reasoning for wanting a single biodiversity target prioritised within the post-2020 GBF. Let's go through the options.

  1. Post-2020 GBF is comprehensive: True, but this describes the framework's structure, it isn't a reason to prioritise one target, if anything it's the condition that makes prioritisation necessary.
  2. The 2 degrees Celsius climate target needs to be prioritized: This target sits in climate policy and is only used as a comparison for how a single measurable goal can drive action, it is not itself an argument about biodiversity targets.
  3. Biodiversity needs to be valued, conserved, restored and wisely used: This is a general statement of intent shared by every goal in the GBF, not a specific justification for elevating one target above the rest.
  4. Systemic policy change is difficult to implement: When many targets compete for attention, no single one gets the sustained political push needed to reform policy across sectors. Researchers reason that concentrating effort on one clear, prioritised target, the way climate policy rallied around 2 degrees Celsius, makes the systemic overhaul required for real biodiversity outcomes far more achievable.

The reasoning that fits the researchers' position is the difficulty of implementing systemic policy change under a diffuse, multi-target framework.

So, the correct answer is Systemic policy change is difficult to implement.

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Question: 3

Which of the following is correct expression of the author's opinion as stated in passage?

Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
  • Implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) allows no middle ground for success or failure.
  • It is high time that countries re-evaluate the progress in achieving biodiversity targets.
  • Biodiversity conservation should be prioritized over climate change at the global level.
  • The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is the best way to prevent mass extinction.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Here we need the option that expresses the author's own opinion on the post-2020 GBF, not a neutral fact or a suggestion.

  1. The post-2020 GBF is the best way to prevent mass extinction: Too absolute a claim for a reasoned opinion, framing one policy document as the definitive answer to mass extinction overstates what is usually argued.
  2. Biodiversity conservation should be prioritized over climate change at the global level: This pits biodiversity against climate change as rivals, which is not the kind of trade-off being set up, the two issues are usually treated as linked, not competing.
  3. It is high time countries re-evaluate the progress in achieving biodiversity targets: This sounds reasonable but functions as a call to action rather than a stated opinion about the framework's own implementation.
  4. Implementation of the post-2020 GBF allows no middle ground for success or failure: This is a firm, evaluative stance, exactly the kind of pointed opinion offered to emphasise how high the stakes are: either the framework delivers, or it does not, there is no partial credit. That decisiveness marks it as the author's opinion rather than a mere observation.

The correct answer is Implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) allows no middle ground for success or failure.

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Question: 4

Which of the following is the central theme of the above passage?

Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
  • The reason for failure of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level
  • The inter-relationship between biodiversity conservation and climate change
  • The future of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level
  • The role of United Nations in biodiversity conservation at global level
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Central theme questions ask for the idea that runs through the entire passage, not a single supporting fact. Let's rule out the options one by one.

  1. The role of United Nations in biodiversity conservation at global level: No institutional focus on the UN's specific role is central here, the discussion is about the framework's design and targets, not the body that oversees it.
  2. The inter-relationship between biodiversity conservation and climate change: The climate comparison is used briefly to illustrate how a single target can work, it supports the argument but isn't what the whole discussion is about.
  3. The reason for failure of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level: A discussion of a fresh framework and how it should be prioritised is oriented toward what comes next, not a retrospective account of past failure.
  4. The future of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level: Discussing a newly adopted framework, weighing whether it should have one prioritised target, and considering its comprehensive design, all of this is squarely about where global biodiversity conservation goes from here.

So, the correct answer is The future of biodiversity conservation efforts at global level.

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Question: 5

Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?

Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
  • The holistic nature of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is a boon.
  • The holistic nature of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is a bane.
  • The holistic nature of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) can be a boon or a bane.
  • The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) includes the 2°C climate target.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

An inference question wants the conclusion the discussion points to, without stating it directly. Let's test each option.

  1. The post-2020 GBF includes the 2 degrees Celsius climate target: The 2 degrees Celsius figure is a climate policy benchmark used only for comparison, it is not one of the GBF's own biodiversity targets, so this cannot be inferred.
  2. The holistic nature of the post-2020 GBF is a bane: This is one-sided. It ignores that broader coverage across many targets also has real value for tackling biodiversity loss on multiple fronts.
  3. The holistic nature of the post-2020 GBF is a boon: Equally one-sided in the other direction, it overlooks the concern that spreading effort across many targets makes systemic policy reform harder to achieve.
  4. The holistic nature of the post-2020 GBF can be a boon or a bane: Since the discussion shows both an upside, broader coverage, and a downside, diluted focus and harder implementation, the balanced conclusion that fits is that this comprehensiveness can cut either way depending on execution.

The correct answer is The holistic nature of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) can be a boon or a bane.

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Top Questions on Verbal Reasoning

Questions Asked in CLAT exam

Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. A new order cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards property and, at some stage or the other, the 'haves' have to yield place to the 'have-nots'. We have seen, in our time, attempts to achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force. It may even be that, like a gas kept confined within containers under great pressure, or water held back by a big dam, once the barrier breaks, the reaction will one day sweep back with a violence equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and maintain the outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction. If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the maximum material goods by a few or by all but on voluntary, enlightened renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by others or can be enjoyed only at the expense of others.

According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if
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Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only regarding the achievement of political freedom but also the establishment of a new social order based on truth and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brotherhood and maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was perhaps even more difficult to achieve than the achievement of political freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. In establishing a social order on this pattern, there was a strong possibility of a conflict arising between diverse groups and classes of our own people.

According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of Gandhi's experiment?
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Read the passage and answer the question.

Passage (extract): In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his/her moral support. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than his life because in the former he sees the means for perpetuation and survival of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes. We have seen, in our time, attempts to achieve a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its bosom, the seed of its own destruction. The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct.

Which of the following statements is 'not true' in the context of the passage?
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