Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for one number: the yearly income up to which an ordinary individual paid zero income tax, as fixed by the Union Budget for 2012-13. This Budget was presented in Parliament on 16 March 2012 by Pranab Mukherjee.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Recall the personal tax slab table of Budget 2012-13 and read off the first slab boundary. The slab table announced was:
Up to Rs. 2,00,000: nil.
Rs. 2,00,001 to Rs. 5,00,000: 10 per cent.
Rs. 5,00,001 to Rs. 10,00,000: 20 per cent.
Above Rs. 10,00,000: 30 per cent.
The point where the "nil" slab ends is the exemption limit.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The nil slab ends at Rs. 2,00,000, so that is the exemption limit for a general taxpayer below senior-citizen age. It was a rise of Rs. 20,000 over the earlier Rs. 1,80,000, worth about Rs. 2,000 of tax saved per person.
The same Budget kept Rs. 2,50,000 as the exemption limit for senior citizens aged 60 and above, and Rs. 5,00,000 for very senior citizens aged 80 and above. That is why Rs. 2,50,000 shows up as a tempting wrong choice.
Rs. 1,90,000 belonged to the old women-only slab, which this Budget abolished so that men and women had the same limit.
Rs. 1,75,000 was the general limit set back in Budget 2010-11 and was already history by 2012.
Only Rs. 2,00,000 matches the 2012-13 slab table.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The exemption limit for persons below 65 years under Budget 2012-13 was Rs. 2,00,000, which is option (B).