Question:medium

According to Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, which of the following is an example of Arrhenius base?

Show Hint

Arrhenius Base = Has OH in the formula and releases it in water.
  • $H_{2}SO_{4}$
  • $NH_{3}$
  • $NaOH$
  • $CaO$
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Arrhenius theory specifically defines a base as a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) when dissolved in water.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Look for a substance containing a hydroxyl group that dissociates in an aqueous medium: $BOH \rightarrow B^+ + OH^-$.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:

H₂SO₄: Dissociates to give $H^+$ (Arrhenius acid).
NH₃: Does not contain $OH^-$. While it acts as a base in water, it is better explained by Bronsted-Lowry or Lewis theories.
NaOH: Dissociates directly into $Na^+$ and $OH^-$ in water. This fits the strict Arrhenius definition perfectly.
CaO: A basic oxide, but it must react with water to form $Ca(OH)_2$ before it provides $OH^-$ ions.

Step 4: Final Answer:
NaOH is the example of an Arrhenius base.
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