We can solve this using the "successive dilution" method. Imagine the glass initially holds 1 unit of milk.
Iteration 1: Pour out two-thirds of the milk, leaving one-third. The milk remaining is:
Remaining Milk = Initial Milk × (1/3) = 1 × (1/3) = 1/3
Refill the glass with water to the 1-unit mark. The total volume remains 1 unit, but the milk concentration changes.
Iteration 2: Repeat the process:
Remaining Milk = (1/3) × (1/3) = 1/9
Iteration 3:
Remaining Milk = (1/9) × (1/3) = 1/27
Iteration 4:
Remaining Milk = (1/27) × (1/3) = 1/81
After four iterations, the milk fraction is 1/81. The rest is water, so the water fraction is:
Water Fraction = 1 - Milk Fraction = 1 - (1/81) = 80/81
The final milk-to-water ratio is 1:80, confirming 1:80 is the correct answer.