A circuit consisting of a capacitor C, a resistor of resistance R and an ideal battery of emf V, as shown in figure is known as RC series circuit. As soon as the circuit is completed by closing key S₁ (keeping S₂ open) charges begin to flow between the capacitor plates and the battery terminals. The charge on the capacitor increases and consequently the potential difference Vc (= q/C) across the capacitor also increases with time. When this potential difference equals the potential difference across the battery, the capacitor is fully charged (Q = VC). During this process of charging, the charge q on the capacitor changes with time t as$q = Q[1 - e^{-t/RC}]$The charging current can be obtained by differentiating it and using $\frac{d}{dx} (e^{mx}) = me^{mx}$Consider the case when R = 20 kΩ, C = 500 μF and V = 10 V.

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