Question:medium

A charged particle of mass '$m$' and charge '$q$' is at rest. It is accelerated in a uniform electric field of intensity '$E$' for time '$t$'. The kinetic energy of the particles after time $t$ is

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Work done by electric field $F \cdot d$ is another way to find $KE$, where $d = \frac{1}{2}at^2$.
Updated On: May 14, 2026
  • $\frac{Eqm}{2t}$
  • $\frac{E^2 q^2 t^2}{2m}$
  • $\frac{2\text{E}^2\text{t}^2}{\text{mq}^2}$
  • $\frac{\text{Eqt}}{\text{m}}$
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
When a charged particle is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a constant force.
This constant force produces a constant acceleration.
We can use Newton's laws of motion and kinematic equations to find its final velocity and subsequently its kinetic energy.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Electric force $F = qE$.
Acceleration $a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{qE}{m}$.
Kinematic equation for velocity starting from rest: $v = u + at \implies v = at$.
Kinetic energy $K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The particle starts from rest, so its initial velocity $u = 0$.
The force acting on the particle is $F = qE$.
According to Newton's second law, the acceleration is: \[ a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{qE}{m} \] Using the first equation of motion, find the velocity $v$ after time $t$: \[ v = u + at = 0 + \left(\frac{qE}{m}\right)t \] \[ v = \frac{qEt}{m} \] The kinetic energy $K$ of the particle after time $t$ is: \[ K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \] Substitute the expression for velocity $v$ into the kinetic energy equation: \[ K = \frac{1}{2}m \left(\frac{qEt}{m}\right)^2 \] Expand the squared term: \[ K = \frac{1}{2}m \left(\frac{q^2 E^2 t^2}{m^2}\right) \] Simplify by canceling one mass term '$m$': \[ K = \frac{q^2 E^2 t^2}{2m} \] Step 4: Final Answer:
The kinetic energy is $\frac{E^2 q^2 t^2}{2m}$.
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