List of top Chemistry Questions on Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

What happens when: (a) Propanenitrile is treated with phenyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis? (b) p-Fluorotoluene is treated with $CrO_3$ in presence of acetic anhydride followed by hydrolysis with aqueous acid? (c) Phthalic acid is treated with $NH_3$ followed by heating?

How will you convert:
(i) Propanone to Propene,
(ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde,
(iii) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone?

What are \(X\) and \(Y\) respectively in the following reaction sequence?

Identify the sets in which \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\) of the following reaction sequence are in correct order \[ \mathrm{(CH_3)_3COH} \xrightarrow{A} X \xrightarrow[\text{(ii) }C]{\text{(i) }B} \mathrm{(CH_3)_2CHCH_2OH} \] (Major product) \[ \begin{aligned} \text{I. }&\mathrm{H_2SO_4;\ HBr;\ OH^-} \text{II. }&\mathrm{Cu/573\,K;\ HBr/(C_6H_5CO)_2O_2;\ OH^-} \text{III. }& 20\%\mathrm{H_3PO_4}/358\,K;\ (\mathrm{BH_3})_2;\ \mathrm{H_2O_2/OH^-} \text{IV. }& 20\%\mathrm{H_3PO_4}/358\,K;\ \mathrm{HBr;\ OH^-} \end{aligned} \] (Major product = major product) The correct answer is

Write chemical equations of three methods of preparation and two chemical properties of benzaldehyde.
OR
Write short notes on the following: (i) Aldol condensation (ii) Cross aldol condensation (iii) Cannizzaro reaction (iv) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction (v) Kolbe electrolysis.

Write chemical equations of the Etard reaction and the Gattermann-Koch reaction.

The distinction between aldehydes and ketones can be made using:

Write short notes on the following. (i) Cross aldol condensation (ii) Stephen reaction (iii) Etard reaction. (2+1½+1½=5)
OR
How will you obtain (write chemical equations only): (i) Ethanoic anhydride from Ethanoic acid (ii) Benzoic acid from Ethyl benzoate (iii) Benzamide from benzoic acid. (2+1½+1½=5)

How will you differentiate the following?
(i) Acetaldehyde and acetone
(ii) Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde

Benzyl alcohol is obtained from benzaldehyde by the following reaction.

(a) Write short notes on the following: (i) Cannizzaro's reaction (ii) Aldol condensation (iii) Gattermann-Koch reaction. (2+1½+1½=5)
OR
How will you obtain (write chemical equations only): (i) Benzaldehyde from Toluene (ii) Benzamide from Benzoic acid (iii) Phthalimide from Phthalic acid (iv) m-nitrobenzaldehyde from Benzaldehyde (v) Benzaldehyde from Benzene. (1+1+1+1+1=5)

Write the chemical equations when an aldehyde reacts with the following: (i) Tollen's reagent (ii) Fehling's reagent. (1+1=2)

The reagent which does NOT react with both acetone and benzaldehyde is

Identify the product of the following reactions:
i) cyclopentanone \(+\) \(HO-NH_2 \xrightarrow{H^+}\) [A] (1)
ii) cyclohexanone \(+\) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine \((H_2N-NH-C_6H_3(NO_2)_2) \rightarrow\) [B] (1)
iii) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid) \(+\) \(NH_3 \rightarrow\) [A] \(\xrightarrow[-H_2O]{\Delta}\) [B] (2)

What happens when (give only the chemical equations):
(i) Methyl phenyl ketone is treated with iodine in the presence of NaOH?
(ii) Ethyl bromide is heated with aqueous KOH?
(iii) Phenol reacts with chloroform in the presence of aqueous NaOH?
(iv) Acetaldehyde is treated with Tollen's reagent?
(v) Benzoic acid is heated with ammonia? (1+1+1+1+1)
OR
How would you obtain (write chemical equations only):
(i) Formic acid from formaldehyde?
(ii) Propane-2-ol from propene?
(iii) Benzene from phenol?
(iv) m-bromobenzoic acid from benzoic acid?
(v) Ethyl acetate from acetic acid? (1+1+1+1+1)

Explain Aldol condensation with a chemical reaction.

Formaldehyde reacts with KOH to give methanol and potassium formate. What is the name of the reaction?

Complete the following reactions:
i) \( C_6H_5COCl \xrightarrow{H_2 / Pd\text{-}BaSO_4} ? \)
ii) \( CH_3\text{-}CO\text{-}CH_2\text{-}CO\text{-}OC_2H_5 \xrightarrow{(i)\ NaBH_4\ (ii)\ H^+} ? \)
iii) anisole \( (C_6H_5OCH_3) + CH_3COCl \xrightarrow{anhydrous\ AlCl_3} ? \)
iv) acetophenone \( (C_6H_5COCH_3) + NaOH + I_2 \rightarrow \) ......
v) \( CH_3CHO + Zn\text{-}Hg + HCl \rightarrow \) ......

OR
Write short notes on the following:
i) Tollen's test
ii) Fehling test
iii) Haloform reaction of methyl ketone
iv) Reaction of phenyl methyl ketone with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (2,4-DNP)
v) Wolff-Kishner reaction.

Give the IUPAC names of the following organic compounds:
i) \( CH_3-CH_2-CO-CH_2-CH(CH_3)-CH_3 \)
ii) \( C_6H_5-CH=CH-CHO \)

Which of the following is most acidic?
(I) 4-methoxybenzoic acid (\( -COOH \) with para \( -OCH_3 \))
(II) benzoic acid
(III) 4-nitrobenzoic acid (\( -COOH \) with para \( -NO_2 \))

Write short notes on Etard reaction and Gattermann-Koch reaction. (2 + 2)

Write short notes on the following:
(i) Aldol condensation
(ii) Cannizzaro's reaction

Which of the following is an aldehyde?