Gamak:
A Gamak is a musical embellishment that involves oscillating, shaking, or forcefully repeating a musical note (swara).
It enhances the depth, intensity, and emotional character of a raga. Common Gamak types include Kampita (vibration), Andolita (swinging), and Tiripa (triple repetition).
Example: In Raga Darbari Kanada, Gamak is extensively applied to Komal Ga and Dha to establish a dignified, serious mood.
Meend:
A Meend is a seamless glide or slide between two musical notes (swaras), maintaining uninterrupted continuity.
It links notes with a fluid progression, demonstrating precise pitch control.
Meend is a crucial element in instruments such as the Sitar and Sarangi, as well as in vocal performances.
Example: In Raga Yaman, a Meend from Ni to Ga imparts its characteristic graceful flow.
Kan:
Kan is a decorative or touch note introduced immediately before or after the primary musical note (swara).
It adds delicacy and subtle microtonal variation to the swara, improving expressive quality.
Kan is typically brief and understated, yet it enlivens musical phrases.
Example: In Raga Kafi, the addition of a Kan of Komal Ni to Dha provides subtle beauty.