Step 1: Understanding the book and its author. \textit{The Second Sex} is a foundational work of feminist philosophy that examines women's historical and existential roles in society. It was authored by: - Simone de Beauvoir, a prominent figure in existentialism and feminism. - The book critiques the societal positioning of women as the "other" in a male-dominated world. Step 2: Conclusion. The correct answer is 1. Simone de Beauvoir. Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is 1. Simone de Beauvoir.}} \]