Foundational Text: Nyayasutram.
The Nyayasutram is the primary text for Nyaya Philosophy, which examines logic, knowledge acquisition, and structured reasoning.
Author.
Sage Gautama (also known as Akshapada Gautama) authored the Nyayasutram and is credited as the founder of the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy.
Option Elimination.
- Gangeshopadhyayah: Known for later commentaries, not the founder.
- Kanadah: Founder of Vaisheshika Philosophy, distinct from Nyaya.
- Gautamah: Correct; the proponent of the Nyayasutram.
- Kapilah: Founder of Sankhya Philosophy, unrelated to Nyaya.
Determination.
Therefore, Sage Gautama is identified as the propounder of the Nyayasutram.