Step 1: Understanding Arthapatti as Pramana.
Arthapatti, a concept of presumption or postulation, is a form of knowledge or inference introduced by the Vaiseika school, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy. It involves inferring something based on unperceived facts and circumstances.
Step 2: Analyzing the Options.
- 1. Vaiseika school: Correct. The Vaiseika school accepts Arthapatti as a distinct pramana (source of knowledge), alongside perception and inference. - 2. Mimamsa school: Incorrect. The Mimamsa school, focused on ritualism, does not recognize Arthapatti as a pramana. - 3. Samkhya school: Incorrect. Samkhya primarily utilizes perception and inference and does not include Arthapatti. - 4. Carvaka school: Incorrect. Carvaka, a materialistic school, rejects concepts like Arthapatti.
Step 3: Conclusion. The correct answer is 1. Vaiseika school.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is 1. Vaiseika school.}} \]