Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?
(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water
(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride
(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car
(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals
(e) Butter from curd
(f) Oil from water
(g) Tea leaves from tea
(h) Iron pins from sand
(i) Wheat grains from husk
(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water
(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water:
The separation technique used is Evaporation. By heating the solution, water will evaporate, leaving behind the sodium chloride as a solid.
(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride:
The separation technique used is Sublimation. Ammonium chloride is volatile and sublimes when heated, leaving sodium chloride behind.
(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car:
The separation technique used is Filtration. The small metal pieces can be filtered out using a filter paper or mesh, leaving the oil behind.
(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals:
The separation technique used is Chromatography. This method separates pigments based on their solubility and affinity for the stationary phase (usually paper or silica gel).
(e) Butter from curd:
The separation technique used is Churning. Churning the curd separates the butter from the buttermilk.
(f) Oil from water:
The separation technique used is Separating funnel. Since oil is less dense than water, it forms a separate layer and can be separated using a separating funnel.
(g) Tea leaves from tea:
The separation technique used is Filtration. Tea leaves are larger particles that can be separated by passing the tea through a filter.
(h) Iron pins from sand:
The separation technique used is Magnetic separation. The iron pins are magnetic, and a magnet can be used to separate them from the non-magnetic sand.
(i) Wheat grains from husk:
The separation technique used is Winnowing. The husk is lighter and can be blown away, leaving the heavier wheat grains behind.
(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water:
The separation technique used is Sedimentation and Decantation. The fine mud particles will settle at the bottom of the container (sedimentation), and the clear water can be poured off (decantation).