Question

Which of the following statements regarding international environment related protocols/agreements are correct?
• [(I)] The Montreal Protocol addresses ozone depletion.
• [(II)] The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below \(2^\circ C\).
• [(III)] The Kyoto Protocol (1997) committed developed nations to an average of 5% GHG reduction over 2008--2012.

• A. (I), (II) and (III) are correct
• B. Only (I) and (II) are correct
• C. Only (II) and (III) are correct
• D. Only (I) and (III) are correct

Hint:

Montreal Protocol $\rightarrow$ Ozone Layer Protection Kyoto Protocol $\rightarrow$ Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Paris Agreement $\rightarrow$ Global Warming Below \(2^\circ C\)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Examine Statement (I).
The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to phase out ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs. Therefore, \[ {\text{Statement (I) is correct}} \]

Step 2: Examine Statement (II).
The Paris Agreement seeks to keep global temperature rise well below \[ 2^\circ C \] and preferably limit it to \[ 1.5^\circ C \] above pre-industrial levels. Hence, \[ {\text{Statement (II) is correct}} \]

Step 3: Examine Statement (III).
The Kyoto Protocol established legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries and aimed at approximately \[ 5\% \] reduction below 1990 levels during 2008--2012. Thus, \[ {\text{Statement (III) is correct}} \]

Step 4: Choose the correct option.
Since all three statements are correct, \[ {\text{Option (A)}} \]