Question

Which of the following statements are correct?
Species that invade a bare area are called: Pioneer species.
In primary succession on rocks, the pioneers are usually lichens.
In primary succession in water, the pioneers are reed swamps. In secondary succession,
species that invade depend on soil, water, and environment.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B), and (D) only
• B. (A), (B), and (C) only
• C. (A), (B), (C), and (D)
• D. (B), (C), and (D) only

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Evaluation of each statement to identify correct ones:

(A) Species colonizing a bare area are known as: Pioneer species.
This statement is accurate. Pioneer species are the initial colonizers of bare substrates in both primary and secondary succession.

(B) On rocks, pioneer species in primary succession are typically lichens.
This statement is accurate. Lichens are often the first organisms to colonize bare rock due to their ability to withstand harsh conditions and facilitate soil formation.

(C) Reed swamps are pioneers in primary succession in water.
This statement is inaccurate. In aquatic primary succession, algae and phytoplankton are generally the pioneering species, not reed swamps.

(D) In secondary succession, invading species are contingent upon soil, water, and environmental conditions.
This statement is accurate. Secondary succession occurs in areas with pre-existing soil, and the invading species are determined by the specific environmental factors present.

Correct statements are (A), (B), and (D). The correct answer is: (A), (B), and (D) only